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<title>Yogyakarta Principles</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Yogyakarta Principles</span></span>

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</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="Outline_of_LGBTQ_topics" title="Outline of LGBTQ topics">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="LGBTQ_people" title="LGBTQ people">LGBTQ people</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="background:red; border:0px solid #000; vertical-align:center; padding-right:2.8em; padding-top:0ex; padding-bottom:0ex; line-height:100%"> </span><span class="mw-no-invert" style="background:orange; border:0px solid #000; vertical-align:center; padding-right:2.8em; padding-top:0ex; padding-bottom:0ex; line-height:100%"> </span><span class="mw-no-invert" style="background:yellow; border:0px solid #000; vertical-align:center; padding-right:2.8em; padding-top:0ex; padding-bottom:0ex; line-height:100%"> </span><span class="mw-no-invert" style="background:green; border:0px solid #000; vertical-align:center; padding-right:2.8em; padding-top:0ex; padding-bottom:0ex; line-height:100%"> </span><span class="mw-no-invert" style="background:blue; border:0px solid #000; vertical-align:center; padding-right:2.8em; padding-top:0ex; padding-bottom:0ex; line-height:100%"> </span><span class="mw-no-invert" style="background:purple; border:0px solid #000; vertical-align:center; padding-right:2.8em; padding-top:0ex; padding-bottom:0ex; line-height:100%"> </span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="border: none; padding-bottom: 3px;">

<div class="hlist"><ul><li><i><a href="LGBTQ_(term)" title="LGBTQ (term)">LGBTQ</a></i></li><li><a href="Lesbian" title="Lesbian">Lesbian</a></li><li><a href="Gay_men" title="Gay men">Gay</a></li><li><a href="Bisexuality" title="Bisexuality">Bisexual</a></li><li><a href="Transgender" title="Transgender">Transgender</a></li><li><i><a href="Queer" title="Queer">Queer</a></i></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dadaff; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">Sexual orientation</a> and <a href="Gender" title="Gender">gender</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Aromanticism" title="Aromanticism">Aromantic</a></li>

<li><a href="Asexuality" title="Asexuality">Asexual</a>

<ul><li><a href="Gray_asexuality" title="Gray asexuality">Gray asexual</a></li>

<li><a href="Aegosexuality" title="Aegosexuality">Aegosexual</a></li>

<li><a href="Demisexuality" title="Demisexuality">Demisexual</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Biology_and_sexual_orientation" title="Biology and sexual orientation">Biology</a></li>

<li><a href="Bisexuality" title="Bisexuality">Bisexual</a>

<ul><li><a href="Pansexuality" title="Pansexuality">Pansexual</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Demographics_of_sexual_orientation" title="Demographics of sexual orientation">Demographics</a></li>

<li><a href="Environment_and_sexual_orientation" title="Environment and sexual orientation">Environment</a></li>

<li><a href="Fictosexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Fictosexual">Fictosexual</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_fluidity" title="Gender fluidity">Gender fluid</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender role</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_modality" title="Gender modality">Gender modality</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_nonconformity" title="Gender nonconformity">Gender nonconforming</a></li>

<li><a href="Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">Homosexual</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex" title="Intersex">Intersex</a></li>

<li><a href="Non-heterosexual" title="Non-heterosexual">Non-heterosexual</a></li>

<li><a href="Non-binary_gender" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-binary gender">Non-binary</a></li>

<li><a href="Queer" title="Queer">Queer</a>

<ul><li><a href="Queer_heterosexuality" title="Queer heterosexuality">Queer heterosexual</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Questioning_(sexuality_and_gender)" title="Questioning (sexuality and gender)">Questioning</a></li>

<li><a href="Sexual_identity" title="Sexual identity">Sexual identity</a></li>

<li><a href="Sex%E2%80%93gender_distinction" title="Sex–gender distinction">Sex–gender distinction</a></li>

<li><a href="Trans_man" title="Trans man">Trans man</a></li>

<li><a href="Trans_woman" title="Trans woman">Trans woman</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender" title="Transgender">Transgender</a></li>

<li><a href="Transsexual" title="Transsexual">Transsexual</a></li>

<li><a href="Two-spirit" title="Two-spirit">Two-spirit</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dadaff; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="LGBTQ_history" title="LGBTQ history">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">

General</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_LGBTQ_history" title="Timeline of LGBTQ history">Timeline</a>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_same-sex_marriage" title="Timeline of same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="History_of_homosexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="History of homosexuality">Homosexuality</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_movements" title="LGBTQ movements">Movements</a></li>

<li><a href="Gay_liberation" title="Gay liberation">Gay liberation</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_same-sex_unions" title="History of same-sex unions">Same-sex unions</a></li>

<li><a href="Stonewall_riots" title="Stonewall riots">Stonewall riots</a></li></ul>

</div></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">

Identities</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="History_of_lesbianism" title="History of lesbianism">Lesbian</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_bisexuality" title="History of bisexuality">Bisexual</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_history" title="Transgender history">Transgender</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_and_LGBTQ" title="Intersex and LGBTQ">Intersex</a></li></ul>

</div></td>

</tr></tbody></table></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="LGBTQ-owned_business" title="LGBTQ-owned business">Business</a></li>

<li><a href="Coming_out" title="Coming out">Coming out</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_community" title="LGBTQ community">Community</a>

<ul><li><a href="African-American_LGBTQ_community" title="African-American LGBTQ community">African-American</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Dyke_March" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyke March">Dyke March</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_LGBTQ_events" title="List of LGBTQ events">Events</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_LGBTQ_awareness_periods" title="List of LGBTQ awareness periods">Awareness periods</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_largest_LGBTQ_events" title="List of largest LGBTQ events">Largest events</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Gay_village" title="Gay village">Gay village</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ%2B_media" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBTQ+ media">Media</a>

<li><a href="List_of_LGBTQ-related_films" title="List of LGBTQ-related films">Films</a></li>

<li><a href="New_queer_cinema" title="New queer cinema">New queer cinema</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_LGBTQ_periodicals" title="List of LGBTQ periodicals">Periodicals</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_culture" title="LGBTQ culture">LGBTQ culture</a>

<li><a href="Pride_(LGBTQ_culture)" title="Pride (LGBTQ culture)">Pride</a>

<ul><li><a href="Pride_Month" title="Pride Month">Pride Month</a></li>

<li><a href="Pride_parade" title="Pride parade">Parade</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Queer_art" title="Queer art">Queer art</a></li>

<li><a href="Same-sex_relationship" title="Same-sex relationship">Same-sex relationship</a></li>

<li><a href="Cross-sex_relationships_involving_LGBTQ_people" title="Cross-sex relationships involving LGBTQ people">Cross-sex relationship</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_slang" title="LGBTQ slang">Slang</a>

<ul><li><a href="Polari" title="Polari">Polari</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Homosocialization" title="Homosocialization">Socialization</a></li>

<li><a href="Sexuality_and_gender_identity-based_cultures" title="Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures">Subcultures</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_in_NYC" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender in NYC">Transgender in NYC</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_symbols" title="LGBTQ symbols">Symbols</a>

<ul><li><a href="Pride_flag" title="Pride flag">Flags</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Takat%C4%81pui" title="Takatāpui">Takatāpui</a></li>

<li><a href="Moe_aik%C4%81ne" title="Moe aikāne">Moe aikāne</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_tourism" title="LGBTQ tourism">Tourism</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dadaff; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="LGBTQ_rights_by_country_or_territory" title="LGBTQ rights by country or territory">Rights</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Same-sex_adoption" title="Same-sex adoption">Adoption</a></li>

<li><a href="Civil_union" title="Civil union">Civil union</a></li>

<li><a href="Decriminalization_of_homosexuality" title="Decriminalization of homosexuality">Decriminalization</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_self-identification" title="Gender self-identification">Gender self-identification</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex</a></li>

<li><a href="Legal_recognition_of_non-binary_gender" title="Legal recognition of non-binary gender">Legal recognition of non-binary gender</a></li>

<li><a href="Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Marriage</a></li>

<li><a href="Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_in_military_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual orientation and gender identity in military service">Military service</a></li>

<li><a href="Same-sex_parenting" title="Same-sex parenting">Parenting</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_rights_by_country_or_territory" title="LGBTQ rights by country or territory">Rights by country or territory</a></li>

<li><a href="Right_to_sexuality" title="Right to sexuality">Sexuality</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender rights">Trans rights</a></li>

</ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Men who have sex with men">MSM</a> and <a href="Blood_donation_restrictions_on_men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Blood donation restrictions on men who have sex with men">Blood donation restrictions</a> / <a href="HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_LGBTQ_medical_organizations" title="List of LGBTQ medical organizations">LGBTQ medical organizations</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_reproduction" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBTQ reproduction">Reproduction</a></li>

<li><a href="Mental_health_of_LGBTQ_people" title="Mental health of LGBTQ people">Mental health</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_health_care" title="Transgender health care">Transgender health care</a>

<ul><li><a href="Gender-affirming_hormone_therapy" title="Gender-affirming hormone therapy">Gender-affirming hormone therapy</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender-affirming_surgery" title="Gender-affirming surgery">Gender-affirming surgery</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_transition" title="Gender transition">Gender transition</a></li>

<li><a href="Legal_status_of_gender-affirming_healthcare" title="Legal status of gender-affirming healthcare">Legal status of gender-affirming healthcare</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_health_care_misinformation" title="Transgender health care misinformation">Misinformation</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Suicide_among_LGBTQ_people" title="Suicide among LGBTQ people">Suicide</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dadaff; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Societal_attitudes_toward_homosexuality" title="Societal attitudes toward homosexuality">Societal attitudes</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Allonormativity" title="Allonormativity">Allonormative</a></li>

<li><a href="Amatonormativity" title="Amatonormativity">amatonormative</a></li>

<li><a href="Cisnormativity" title="Cisnormativity">Cisnormative</a></li>

<li><a href="Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">Heteronormative</a>

<ul><li><a href="Compulsory_heterosexuality" title="Compulsory heterosexuality">Comphet</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Opposition_to_LGBTQ_rights" title="Opposition to LGBTQ rights">Opposition to LGBTQ rights</a>

<ul><li><a href="21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">21st century UK anti-trans</a></li>

<li><a href="2020s_anti-LGBTQ_movement_in_the_United_States" title="2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States">2020s US anti-LGBTQ</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_grooming_conspiracy_theory" title="LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory">Grooming conspiracy theory</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Media_portrayal_of_LGBTQ_people" title="Media portrayal of LGBTQ people">Media portrayal</a></li>

<li><a href="Religion_and_LGBTQ_people" title="Religion and LGBTQ people">Religion & LGBTQ</a>

<ul><li><a href="Homosexuality_and_religion" title="Homosexuality and religion">Homosexuality</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_people_and_religion" title="Transgender people and religion">Trans people</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Sexual_diversity" title="Sexual diversity">Sexual diversity</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_stereotypes" title="LGBTQ stereotypes">Stereotypes</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Discrimination_against_asexual_people" title="Discrimination against asexual people">Acephobia</a></li>

<li><a href="Aromanticism#Discrimination_and_cultural_erasure" title="Aromanticism">Arophobia</a></li>

<li><a href="AIDS_stigma" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS stigma">AIDS stigma</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a></li>

<li><a href="Biphobia" title="Biphobia">Biphobia</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_bullying" title="LGBTQ bullying">Bullying</a></li>

<li><a href="Censorship_of_LGBTQ_issues" title="Censorship of LGBTQ issues">Censorship</a></li>

<li><a href="Closeted" title="Closeted">Closeted</a>

<ul><li><a href="Outing" title="Outing">Outing</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Criminalization_of_homosexuality" title="Criminalization of homosexuality">Criminalization</a></li>

<li><a href="Domestic_violence_in_same-sex_relationships" title="Domestic violence in same-sex relationships">Domestic violence</a></li>

<li><a href="Queer_erasure" title="Queer erasure">Erasure</a>

<ul><li><a href="Straightwashing" title="Straightwashing">Straightwashing</a></li>

<li><a href="Bisexual_erasure" title="Bisexual erasure">Bisexual</a></li>

<li><a href="Lesbian_erasure" title="Lesbian erasure">Lesbian</a></li>

<li><a href="Trans_erasure" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans erasure">Trans</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Gay_bashing" title="Gay bashing">Gay bashing</a></li>

<li><a href="Discrimination_against_gay_men" title="Discrimination against gay men">Gayphobia</a></li>

<li><a href="Heteropatriarchy" title="Heteropatriarchy">Heteropatriarchy</a></li>

<li><a href="Heterosexism" title="Heterosexism">Heterosexism</a></li>

<li><a href="Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a>

<ul><li><a href="Liberal_homophobia" title="Liberal homophobia">Liberal</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Discrimination_against_intersex_people" title="Discrimination against intersex people">Intersex discrimination</a></li>

<li><a href="Legality_of_conversion_therapy" title="Legality of conversion therapy">Legality of conversion therapy</a></li>

<li><a href="Lesbophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbophobia">Lesbophobia</a></li>

<li><a href="Suicide_among_LGBTQ_people" title="Suicide among LGBTQ people">Suicide</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_youth_vulnerability" title="LGBTQ youth vulnerability">Youth vulnerability</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_migration" title="LGBTQ migration">Migration</a></li>

<li><a href="Mixed-orientation_marriage" title="Mixed-orientation marriage">Mixed-orientation marriage</a></li>

<li><a href="Racism_in_the_LGBTQ_community" title="Racism in the LGBTQ community">Racism</a></li>

<li><a href="Sexualism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexualism">Sexualism</a></li>

<li><a href="Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a>

<ul><li><a href="Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Non-binary people</a></li>

<li><a href="Discrimination_against_transgender_men" title="Discrimination against transgender men">Trans men</a></li>

<li><a href="Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Trans women</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="Violence against LGBTQ people">Violence</a>

<ul><li><a href="Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Trans people</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dadaff; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Academic fields and discourse</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; margin-bottom: -4px;">

<ul><li><a href="Communism_and_LGBTQ_rights" title="Communism and LGBTQ rights">Communism & LGBTQ rights</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_studies" title="Gender studies">Gender studies</a></li>

<li><a href="Lesbian_feminism" title="Lesbian feminism">Lesbian feminism</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_linguistics" title="LGBTQ linguistics">Lavender linguistics</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_conservatism" title="LGBTQ conservatism">LGBTQ conservatism</a>

<li><a href="Queer_anarchism" title="Queer anarchism">Queer anarchism</a></li>

<li><a href="Queer_studies" title="Queer studies">Queer studies</a></li>

<li><a href="Queer_theory" title="Queer theory">Queer theory</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_construction_of_gender" title="Social construction of gender">Social construction of gender</a></li>

<li><a href="Socialism_and_LGBTQ_rights" title="Socialism and LGBTQ rights">Socialism & LGBTQ rights</a></li>

<li><a href="Transfeminism" title="Transfeminism">Transfeminism</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_studies" title="Transgender studies">Transgender studies</a></li>

<li><a href="Travesti_(gender_identity)#Academic_research" title="Travesti (gender identity)">Travesti</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top: none;">

<span typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="Portal%3ALGBTQ" title="Portal:LGBTQ">LGBTQ portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

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<table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="Intersex" title="Intersex">Intersex</a> topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Human rights</a> and <a href="Legal_recognition_of_intersex_people" title="Legal recognition of intersex people">legal issues</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Compulsory sterilization</a></li>

<li><a href="Discrimination_against_intersex_people" title="Discrimination against intersex people">Discrimination</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Human rights</a>

<ul><li><a href="Intersex_human_rights_reports" title="Intersex human rights reports">reports</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Legal_recognition_of_intersex_people" title="Legal recognition of intersex people">Legal recognition</a></li>

<li><a href="Malta_declaration_(International_Intersex_Forum)" title="Malta declaration (International Intersex Forum)">Malta declaration</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_medical_interventions" title="Intersex medical interventions">Medical interventions</a></li>

<li><a href="Sex_assignment" title="Sex assignment">Sex assignment</a></li>

<li><a href="Sex_characteristics_(legal_term)" title="Sex characteristics (legal term)">Sex characteristics (legal term)</a></li>

</ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Healthcare and biology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Disorders_of_sex_development" title="Disorders of sex development">Disorders of sex development</a></li>

<li><a href="Genetic_diagnosis_of_intersex" title="Genetic diagnosis of intersex">Genetic diagnosis</a></li>

<li><a href="Definitions_of_intersex" title="Definitions of intersex">Definitions</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_healthcare" title="Intersex healthcare">Healthcare</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_medical_interventions" title="Intersex medical interventions">Medical interventions</a>

<ul><li><a href="History_of_intersex_surgery" title="History of intersex surgery">history</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Orchidometer" title="Orchidometer">Orchidometer</a></li>

<li><a href="Phall-O-Meter" title="Phall-O-Meter">Phall-O-Meter</a></li>

<li><a href="Prader_scale" title="Prader scale">Prader scale</a></li>

<li><a href="Quigley_scale" title="Quigley scale">Quigley scale</a></li>

<li><a href="Sexual_differentiation" title="Sexual differentiation">Sexual differentiation</a></li>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Society and culture</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Endosex" title="Endosex">Endosex</a> (antonym)</li>

<li><a href="Intersex_civil_society_organizations" title="Intersex civil society organizations">Civil society organizations</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_characters_in_fiction" title="Intersex characters in fiction">Fictional characters‎</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_representation_in_film" title="Intersex representation in film">Films</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_and_LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersex and LGBT">Intersex and LGBT</a></li>

<li><a href="Literature_about_intersex" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature about intersex">Literature</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_intersex_people" title="List of intersex people">People</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_people_and_religion" title="Intersex people and religion">Religion</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_people_and_military_service" title="Intersex people and military service">Military</a>

<li><a href="List_of_researchers_on_intersex" class="mw-redirect" title="List of researchers on intersex">Researchers</a></li>

<li><a href="Sex_verification_in_sports" title="Sex verification in sports">Sex verification in sports</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sex_verification_and_intersex_athletes_at_the_Olympic_Games" title="Sex verification and intersex athletes at the Olympic Games">at the Olympic Games</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_representation_in_television" title="Intersex representation in television">Television</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Intersex_people_in_history" title="Intersex people in history">History</a> and events</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Intersex_people_in_history" title="Intersex people in history">History</a>

<ul><li><a href="History_of_intersex_surgery" title="History of intersex surgery">of surgery</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_intersex_history" title="Timeline of intersex history">timeline</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_Awareness_Day" title="Intersex Awareness Day">Intersex Awareness Day</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_Day_of_Remembrance" title="Intersex Day of Remembrance">Intersex Day of Remembrance</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Intersex_Forum" title="International Intersex Forum">International Intersex Forum</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Intersex_human_rights#Intersex_rights_by_jurisdiction" title="Intersex human rights">Rights by country</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Intersex_rights_in_Argentina" title="Intersex rights in Argentina">Argentina</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_rights_in_Australia" title="Intersex rights in Australia">Australia</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_rights_in_Canada" title="Intersex rights in Canada">Canada</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_rights_in_Chile" title="Intersex rights in Chile">Chile</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_rights_in_China" title="Intersex rights in China">China</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_rights_in_Colombia" title="Intersex rights in Colombia">Colombia</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_rights_in_France" title="Intersex rights in France">France</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_rights_in_Germany" title="Intersex rights in Germany">Germany</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_rights_in_Kenya" title="Intersex rights in Kenya">Kenya</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_rights_in_Malta" title="Intersex rights in Malta">Malta</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_rights_in_Mexico" title="Intersex rights in Mexico">Mexico</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_rights_in_Nepal" title="Intersex rights in Nepal">Nepal</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Intersex rights in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_rights_in_South_Africa" title="Intersex rights in South Africa">South Africa</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_rights_in_Spain" title="Intersex rights in Spain">Spain</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_rights_in_Switzerland" title="Intersex rights in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_rights_in_Taiwan" title="Intersex rights in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_rights_in_Uganda" title="Intersex rights in Uganda">Uganda</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Intersex rights in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Intersex rights in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Hermaphrodite" title="Hermaphrodite">Hermaphrodite</a></li>

<li><a href="Children's_rights" title="Children's rights">Children's rights</a></li>

<li><a href="Genital_modification_and_mutilation" title="Genital modification and mutilation">Genital modification and mutilation</a></li>

<li><a href="Disability" title="Disability">Disability</a>

<ul><li><a href="Disability_rights_movement" title="Disability rights movement">rights</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Gender" title="Gender">Gender</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Androgyny" title="Androgyny">Androgyny</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-gender_movement" title="Anti-gender movement">Anti-gender movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Genderqueer" class="mw-redirect" title="Genderqueer">Non-binary</a></li>

<li><a href="Legal_recognition_of_non-binary_gender" title="Legal recognition of non-binary gender">Non-binary recognition</a></li>

<li><a href="Queer_theory" title="Queer theory">Queer theory</a></li>

<li><a href="Third_gender" title="Third gender">Third gender</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender" title="Transgender">Transgender</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Medical_ethics" title="Medical ethics">Medical ethics</a></li>

<li><a href="Rights" title="Rights">Rights</a></li>

<li><a href="Sex_differences_in_humans" title="Sex differences in humans">Sex differences</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"></td></tr></tbody></table>

<table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="Outline_of_transgender_topics" title="Outline of transgender topics">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="Transgender" title="Transgender">Transgender topics</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="background:#5BCEFA; border:0px solid #000; vertical-align:center; padding-right:3em; padding-top:0ex; padding-bottom:0ex; line-height:100%"> </span><span class="mw-no-invert" style="background:#F5A9B8; border:0px solid #000; vertical-align:center; padding-right:3em; padding-top:0ex; padding-bottom:0ex; line-height:100%"> </span><span class="mw-no-invert" style="background:white; border:0px solid #000; vertical-align:center; padding-right:3em; padding-top:0ex; padding-bottom:0ex; line-height:100%"> </span><span class="mw-no-invert" style="background:#F5A9B8; border:0px solid #000; vertical-align:center; padding-right:3em; padding-top:0ex; padding-bottom:0ex; line-height:100%"> </span><span class="mw-no-invert" style="background:#5BCEFA; border:0px solid #000; vertical-align:center; padding-right:3em; padding-top:0ex; padding-bottom:0ex; line-height:100%"> </span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above">

<div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="Outline_of_transgender_topics" title="Outline of transgender topics">Outline</a></li><li><a href="Transgender_history" title="Transgender history">History</a></li><li><a href="Timeline_of_transgender_history" title="Timeline of transgender history">Timeline</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top: 0.35em;">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: lavender; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender identities</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.7em;">

<ul><li><a href="Androgyny#Gender_identity" title="Androgyny">Androgyne</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Gender_in_Bugis_society" title="Gender in Bugis society">Bissu, Calabai, Calalai</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Balkan_sworn_virgins" title="Balkan sworn virgins">Burrnesha</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Cisgender" title="Cisgender">Cisgender</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_bender" title="Gender bender">Gender bender</a></li>

<li><a href="Hijra_(South_Asia)" title="Hijra (South Asia)">Hijra</a></li>

<li><a href="Non-binary_gender" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-binary gender">Non-binary or genderqueer</a>

<ul><li><a href="Gender_fluidity" title="Gender fluidity">Gender fluidity</a></li></ul></li>

<li><i><a href="Kathoey" title="Kathoey">Kathoey</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Koekchuch" title="Koekchuch">Koekchuch</a></li>

<li><a href="Third_gender" title="Third gender">Third gender</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bakla" title="Bakla">Bakla</a></li>

<li><a href="Fa%CA%BBafafine" title="Faʻafafine">Faʻafafine</a></li>

<li><span title="Neapolitan-language text"><i lang="nap"><a href="Femminiello" title="Femminiello">Femminiello</a></i></span></li>

<li><a href="Khanith" title="Khanith">Khanith</a></li>

<li><a href="Mudoko_dako" title="Mudoko dako">Mudoko dako</a></li>

<li><a href="Mukhannath" title="Mukhannath">Mukhannath</a></li>

<li><a href="Travesti_(gender_identity)" title="Travesti (gender identity)">Travesti</a></li>

<li><a href="Two-spirit" title="Two-spirit">Two-spirit</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Winkte" title="Winkte">Winkte</a></i></li>

<li><a href="X-gender" title="X-gender">X-gender</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Trans_man" title="Trans man">Trans man</a></li>

<li><a href="Trans_woman" title="Trans woman">Trans woman</a>

<ul><li><a href="Fakaleit%C4%AB" title="Fakaleitī">Fakaleitī</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender" title="Transgender">Transgender</a>

<ul><li><a href="Transgender_youth" title="Transgender youth">Youth</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Akava'ine" title="Akava'ine">Akava'ine</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Trans*" title="Trans*">Trans*</a>

<ul><li><a href="Transsexual" title="Transsexual">Transsexual</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: lavender; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Transgender_health_care" title="Transgender health care">Health care</a> practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.7em;">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Gender_identity_clinic" title="Gender identity clinic">Gender clinic</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Gender_dysphoria" title="Gender dysphoria">Gender dysphoria</a></span>

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Gender_dysphoria_in_children" title="Gender dysphoria in children">in children</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Causes_of_gender_incongruence" title="Causes of gender incongruence">causes</a></span></li></ul></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Sex_assignment" title="Sex assignment">Sex assignment</a></span></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Gender-affirming_hormone_therapy" title="Gender-affirming hormone therapy">Hormone therapy</a></span>

<ul><li><a href="Feminizing_hormone_therapy" title="Feminizing hormone therapy">feminizing</a></li>

<li><a href="Masculinizing_hormone_therapy" title="Masculinizing hormone therapy">masculinizing</a></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Puberty_blocker" title="Puberty blocker">Puberty-suppressing hormone therapy</a></span></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Gender-affirming_surgery" title="Gender-affirming surgery">Gender-affirming surgery</a></span>

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Masculinizing_surgery" title="Masculinizing surgery">masculinizing</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Feminizing_surgery" title="Feminizing surgery">feminizing</a></span></li></ul></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Facial_feminization_surgery" title="Facial feminization surgery">Facial feminization surgery</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Facial_masculinization_surgery" title="Facial masculinization surgery">Facial masculinization surgery</a></span></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Hair_removal" title="Hair removal">Hair removal</a></span></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_pregnancy" title="Transgender pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Use_of_assisted_reproductive_technology_by_LGBTQ_people" title="Use of assisted reproductive technology by LGBTQ people">Assisted reproductive technology</a></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Transgender_voice_therapy" title="Transgender voice therapy">Voice therapy</a></span></li>

<li><a href="World_Professional_Association_for_Transgender_Health" title="World Professional Association for Transgender Health">WPATH</a>

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Standards_of_Care_for_the_Health_of_Transgender_and_Gender_Diverse_People" title="Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People">Standards of Care</a></span></li></ul></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Transgender_health_care_misinformation" title="Transgender health care misinformation">Transgender health care misinformation</a></span></li></ul>

</div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: lavender; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Rights and <a href="Legal_status_of_transgender_people" title="Legal status of transgender people">legal status</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.7em;">

<ul><li><a href="Gender_self-identification" title="Gender self-identification">Gender self-identification</a></li>

<li><a href="Legal_gender" title="Legal gender">Legal gender</a></li>

<li><a href="Legal_recognition_of_non-binary_gender" title="Legal recognition of non-binary gender">Non-binary gender</a></li>

<li><a href="Right_to_personal_identity" title="Right to personal identity">Personal identity</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Transgender_rights_movement" title="Transgender rights movement">Rights movement</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_transgender-rights_organizations" title="List of transgender-rights organizations">Organizations</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_transgender_political_office-holders" title="List of transgender political office-holders">Political office-holders</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_transgender_public_officeholders_in_the_United_States" title="List of transgender public officeholders in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Transgender_asylum_seekers" title="Transgender asylum seekers">Asylum</a></li>

<li><a href="Legal_status_of_gender-affirming_healthcare" title="Legal status of gender-affirming healthcare">Healthcare</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_people_and_military_service" title="Transgender people and military service">Military service</a>

<ul><li><a href="Transgender_personnel_in_the_South_Korean_military" title="Transgender personnel in the South Korean military">South Korea</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_personnel_in_the_United_States_military" title="Transgender personnel in the United States military">United States</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_people_in_prison#Transgender_issues" title="LGBTQ people in prison">Prisons</a></li>

<li>Toilets

<ul><li><a href="Bathroom_bill" title="Bathroom bill">Bathroom bills</a></li>

<li><a href="Unisex_public_toilet" title="Unisex public toilet">Unisex</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Anti-gender_movement" title="Anti-gender movement">Anti-gender movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-transgender_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Anti-transgender movement in the United Kingdom">Anti-transgender movement in the United Kingdom</a></li>

<li><a href="Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Discrimination</a>

<ul><li><a href="Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Non-binary</a></li>

<li><a href="Parental_rights_movement" title="Parental rights movement">Parental rights movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Discrimination_against_transgender_men" title="Discrimination against transgender men">Transgender men</a></li>

<li><a href="Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Gender-critical_feminism" title="Gender-critical feminism"><span class="wrap"><span class="nowrap">Gender-critical</span> or <span class="nowrap">trans-exclusionary</span> <span class="nowrap">radical feminism</span></span></a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_genocide" title="Transgender genocide">Genocide</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_inequality" title="Transgender inequality">Inequality</a></li>

<li><a href="Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Violence</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender" title="List of people killed for being transgender">Murders</a></li>

<li><a href="Trans_panic_defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans panic defense">Trans panic defense</a></li></ul></li>

</ul>

</div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: lavender; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Society and culture</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.7em;">

<div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Events and awareness</div>

<ul><li><a href="Transgender_Awareness_Week" title="Transgender Awareness Week">Awareness Week</a></li>

<li>Beauty pageants</li>

<li><a href="Transgender_Day_of_Remembrance" title="Transgender Day of Remembrance">Day of Remembrance</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Transgender_Day_of_Visibility" title="International Transgender Day of Visibility">Day of Visibility</a></li>

<li><a href="Trans_march" title="Trans march">March</a></li>

<hr>

<div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Culture</div>

<ul><li><a href="Terminology_of_transgender_anatomy" title="Terminology of transgender anatomy">Anatomical terminology</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_fictional_trans_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="List of fictional trans characters">Fictional characters</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_literature" title="Transgender literature">Literature</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_culture_of_New_York_City" title="Transgender culture of New York City">Transgender culture of New York City</a></li>

<li><a href="Media_portrayals_of_transgender_people" title="Media portrayals of transgender people">Media portrayals</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_transgender_people" title="List of transgender people">People</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_non-binary_people" title="List of non-binary people">non-binary</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_transgender_publications" title="List of transgender publications">Publications</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_people_and_religion" title="Transgender people and religion">Religion</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_people_in_sports" title="Transgender people in sports">Sports</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_transgender_characters_in_television" title="List of transgender characters in television">Television</a></li></ul>

</div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: lavender; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Theory and concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.7em;">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Androphilia_and_gynephilia" title="Androphilia and gynephilia">Androphilia and gynephilia</a></span></li>

<li><a href="Blanchard's_transsexualism_typology" title="Blanchard's transsexualism typology">Blanchard's typology</a></li>

<li><a href="Childhood_gender_nonconformity" title="Childhood gender nonconformity">Childhood gender nonconformity</a></li>

<li><a href="Cisgender" title="Cisgender">Cisgender / cissexual</a></li>

<li><a href="Cisnormativity" title="Cisnormativity">Cisnormativity</a></li>

<li><a href="Cross-dressing" title="Cross-dressing">Cross-dressing</a></li>

<li><a href="Deadnaming" title="Deadnaming">Deadnaming</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_binary" title="Gender binary">Gender binary</a></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Detransition" title="Detransition">Gender detransitioning</a></span></li>

<li><a href="Gender_expression" title="Gender expression">Gender expression</a></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Gender_transition" title="Gender transition">Gender transitioning</a></span></li>

<li><a href="Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_modality" title="Gender modality">Gender modality</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_nonconformity" title="Gender nonconformity">Gender nonconformity</a></li>

<li><a href="Questioning_(sexuality_and_gender)" title="Questioning (sexuality and gender)">Gender-sexuality questioning</a></li>

<li><a href="Postgenderism" title="Postgenderism">Postgenderism</a></li>

<li><a href="Rapid-onset_gender_dysphoria_controversy" title="Rapid-onset gender dysphoria controversy">Rapid-onset dysphoria</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_studies" title="Transgender studies">Studies</a></li>

<li><a href="Transfeminism" title="Transfeminism">Transfeminism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Feminist_views_on_transgender_topics" title="Feminist views on transgender topics">views</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Transmedicalism" title="Transmedicalism">Transmedicalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li></ul>

</div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: lavender; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">By country</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.7em;">

<div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Rights</div>

<ul><li><a href="Transgender_rights_in_Argentina" title="Transgender rights in Argentina">Argentina</a>

<li><a href="Transgender_rights_in_Australia" title="Transgender rights in Australia">Australia</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_rights_in_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender rights in Austria">Austria</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_rights_in_Brazil" title="Transgender rights in Brazil">Brazil</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_rights_in_Canada" title="Transgender rights in Canada">Canada</a>

<li><a href="Transgender_people_in_China" title="Transgender people in China">China</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_history_in_Finland" title="Transgender history in Finland">Finland</a></li>

<li>France</li>

<li><a href="Transgender_rights_in_Germany" title="Transgender rights in Germany">Germany</a>

<li>India

<li><a href="LGBTQ_rights_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="LGBTQ rights in Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_rights_in_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender rights in Ireland">Ireland</a></li>

<li>Pakistan

<li><a href="Transgender_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Transgender rights in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li>

<li>Norway

<li><a href="Transgender_people_in_Singapore" title="Transgender people in Singapore">Singapore</a></li>

<li>South Africa

<li><a href="Transgender_people_in_South_Korea" title="Transgender people in South Korea">South Korea</a></li>

<li>Spain

<li><a href="Transgender_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Transgender rights in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>

<ul><li><a href="Anti-transgender_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Anti-transgender movement in the United Kingdom">Anti-trans movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Transgender rights in the United States">United States</a>

<ul><li><a href="Transgender_disenfranchisement_in_the_United_States" title="Transgender disenfranchisement in the United States">Disenfranchisement</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_identity_under_Title_IX" title="Gender identity under Title IX">Title IX</a></li>

<li><a href="Transphobia_in_the_United_States" title="Transphobia in the United States">Transphobia</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<hr>

<div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="Transgender_history" title="Transgender history">History</a></div>

<ul><li><a href="Transgender_history_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender history in Argentina">Argentina</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_history_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender history in Australia">Australia</a>

<ul><li><a href="Re_Kevin" title="Re Kevin">Re Kevin</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_history_in_Brazil" title="Transgender history in Brazil">Brazil</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_history_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender history in China">China</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_history_in_Finland" title="Transgender history in Finland">Finland</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_people_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Transgender people in Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_history_in_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender history in Singapore">Singapore</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_history_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Transgender history in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_history_in_the_United_States" title="Transgender history in the United States">United States</a>

<ul><li><a href="Transgender_legal_history_in_the_United_States" title="Transgender legal history in the United States">Legality</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_transgender_public_officeholders_in_the_United_States" title="List of transgender public officeholders in the United States">elected officials</a></li>

<li><a href="Compton's_Cafeteria_riot" title="Compton's Cafeteria riot">Cafeteria riot</a></li>

<li><a href="Stonewall_riots" title="Stonewall riots">Stonewall</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="2020s_anti-LGBTQ_movement_in_the_United_States" title="2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States">2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States</a></li>

<li><a href="Androgyny" title="Androgyny">Androgyny</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender" title="Gender">Gender</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_diversity" title="Gender diversity">Gender diversity</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_studies" title="Gender studies">Gender studies</a></li>

<li><a href="Healthcare_and_the_LGBTQ_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare and the LGBTQ community">Healthcare and the LGBTQ community</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex" title="Intersex">Intersex</a>

<ul><li><a href="Legal_recognition_of_intersex_people" title="Legal recognition of intersex people">Legal recognition of intersex people</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Queer_heterosexuality" title="Queer heterosexuality">Queer heterosexuality</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBTQ">LGBTQ</a></li>

<li><a href="Mental_health_of_LGBTQ_people" title="Mental health of LGBTQ people">Mental health of LGBTQ people</a></li>

<li><a href="Sex%E2%80%93gender_distinction" title="Sex–gender distinction">Sex–gender distinction</a></li>

<li><a href="Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">Sexual orientation</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_construction_of_gender" title="Social construction of gender">Social construction of gender</a></li>

<li><a href="Suicide_among_LGBTQ_people" title="Suicide among LGBTQ people">Suicide among LGBTQ people</a></li></ul>

</div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; padding: 0.15em 0.3em 0.3em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;">

<div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Portal%3ALGBTQ" title="Portal:LGBTQ">LGBTQ portal</a></li><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The <b>Yogyakarta Principles</b> is a document about <a href="Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> in the areas of <a href="Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">sexual orientation</a> and <a href="Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">gender identity</a> that was published as the outcome of an international meeting of human rights groups in <a href="Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a>, <a href="Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, in November 2006. The principles were supplemented and expanded in 2017 to include new grounds of <a href="Gender_expression" title="Gender expression">gender expression</a> and <a href="Sex_characteristics_(legal_term)" title="Sex characteristics (legal term)">sex characteristics</a> and a number of new principles. However, the Principles have never been accepted by the <a href="United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (UN) and the attempt to make gender identity and sexual orientation new categories of non-discrimination has been repeatedly rejected by the <a href="United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">General Assembly</a>, the UN <a href="United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">Human Rights Council</a> and other UN bodies.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The principles and the supplement contain a set of precepts intended to apply the standards of <a href="International_human_rights_law" title="International human rights law">international human rights law</a> to address the abuse of human rights of <a href="Lesbian" title="Lesbian">lesbian</a>, <a href="Gay" title="Gay">gay</a>, <a href="Bisexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisexual">bisexual</a>, <a href="Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a>, and <a href="Intersex" title="Intersex">intersex</a> (<a href="LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBTI</a>) people.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Versions">Versions</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Original_2006_Principles">Original 2006 Principles</h3></div>

<p>The Principles themselves are a lengthy document addressing legal matters. A website that was established to hold the principles and to make them accessible has an overview of the principles,<sup id="cite_ref-OVERVIEW_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OVERVIEW-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reproduced here in full:

</p>

<ul><li><b>Preamble:</b> The <a href="Preamble" title="Preamble">Preamble</a> acknowledges human rights violations based on sexual orientation and gender identity, which undermine the <a href="Integrity" title="Integrity">integrity</a> and <a href="Dignity" title="Dignity">dignity</a>, establishes the relevant legal framework, and provides definitions of key terms.</li>

<li><b>Rights to Universal Enjoyment of Human Rights, Non-Discrimination and Recognition before the Law:</b> Principles 1 to 3 set out the principles of the universality of human rights and their application to all persons without <a href="Discrimination" title="Discrimination">discrimination</a>, as well as the right of all people to recognition as a <a href="Person" title="Person">person</a> before the law.

<ul><li><i>Example:</i>

<ul><li>Laws criminalising homosexuality violate the international right to non-discrimination (decision of the UN Human Rights Committee).</li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><b>Rights to Human and Personal Security:</b> Principles 4 to 11 address fundamental rights to life, freedom from violence and <a href="Torture" title="Torture">torture</a>, <a href="Privacy" title="Privacy">privacy</a>, access to justice and freedom from arbitrary <a href="Detention_(imprisonment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Detention (imprisonment)">detention</a>, and <a href="Human_trafficking" title="Human trafficking">human trafficking</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

<ul><li><i>Examples:</i>

<ul><li>Some nations still have laws imposing the <a href="Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">death penalty for homosexual sex</a> between consenting adults, despite UN resolutions specifically opposing such laws.</li>

<li>Eleven men were arrested in a gay bar and held in custody for over a year. The UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention concluded that the men were detained in violation of international law, noting with concern that "one of the prisoners died as a result of his arbitrary detention".</li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><b>Economic, Social and Cultural Rights:</b> Principles 12 to 18 set out the importance of non-discrimination in the enjoyment of economic, social and cultural rights, including employment, accommodation, social security, education, sexual and <a href="Reproductive_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Reproductive health">reproductive health</a> including the right for <a href="Informed_consent" title="Informed consent">informed consent</a> and <a href="Sex_reassignment_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex reassignment therapy">sex reassignment therapy</a>.

<ul><li><i>Examples:</i>

<ul><li>Lesbian and transgender women are at increased risk of discrimination, homelessness and violence (report of <a href="United_Nations_Special_Rapporteur" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Special Rapporteur">United Nations Special Rapporteur</a> on adequate housing).</li>

<li>Girls who display same-sex affection face discrimination and expulsion from educational institutions (report of UN Special Rapporteur on the right to <a href="Education" title="Education">education</a>).</li>

<li>The <a href="United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights</a> has expressed concern about laws which "prohibit gender reassignment surgery for <a href="Transsexual" title="Transsexual">transsexuals</a> or require <a href="Intersex" title="Intersex">intersex</a> persons to undergo such surgery against their will".</li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><b>Rights to Expression, Opinion and Association:</b> Principles 19 to 21 emphasise the importance of the freedom to express oneself, one's identity and one's <a href="Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">sexuality</a>, without State interference based on sexual orientation or gender identity, including the rights to participate peaceably in public assemblies and events and otherwise associate in community with others.

<ul><li><i>Example:</i>

<ul><li>A peaceful gathering to promote equality on the grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity was banned by authorities, and participants were harassed and intimidated by police and extremist nationalists shouting slogans such as "Let's get the fags" and "We'll do to you what Hitler did with Jews" (report of the UN Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of <a href="Racism" title="Racism">racism</a>, <a href="Racial_discrimination" title="Racial discrimination">racial discrimination</a>, <a href="Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">xenophobia</a> & related <a href="Toleration" title="Toleration">intolerance</a>).</li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><b>Freedom of Movement and Asylum:</b> Principles 22 and 23 highlight the rights of persons to seek <a href="Right_of_asylum" title="Right of asylum">asylum</a> from persecution based on sexual orientation or gender identity.

<ul><li><i>Example:</i>

<ul><li>Refugee protection should be accorded to persons facing a well-founded fear of persecution based on sexual orientation (Guidelines of the <a href="United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><b>Rights of Participation in Cultural and Family Life:</b> Principles 24 to 26 address the rights of persons to participate in family life, public affairs and the cultural life of their community, without discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity.

<ul><li><i>Example:</i>

<ul><li>States have an obligation not to discriminate between different-sex and same-sex relationships in allocating partnership benefits such as survivors' pensions (decision of the UN Human Rights Committee).</li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><b>Rights of Human Rights Defenders:</b> Principle 27 recognises the right to defend and promote human rights without discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity, and the obligation of States to ensure the protection of <a href="Human_rights_defender" title="Human rights defender">human rights defenders</a> working in these areas.

<ul><li><i>Examples:</i>

<ul><li>Human rights defenders working on sexual orientation and gender identity issues in countries and regions around the world "have been threatened, had their houses and offices raided, they have been attacked, tortured, sexually abused, tormented by regular death threats and even killed. A major concern in this regard is an almost complete lack of seriousness with which such cases are treated by the concerned authorities." (report of the Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General on Human Rights Defenders).</li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><b>Rights of Redress and Accountability:</b> Principles 28 and 29 affirm the importance of holding rights violators accountable, and ensuring appropriate redress for those who face rights violations.

<ul><li><i>Example:</i>

<ul><li>The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights has expressed concern about "impunity for crimes of violence against LGBT persons" and "the responsibility of the State to extend effective protection. The High Commissioner notes that "excluding LGBT individuals from these protections clearly violates international human rights law as well as the common standards of humanity that define us all."</li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><b>Additional Recommendations:</b> The Principles set out 16 additional recommendations to national human rights institutions, professional bodies, funders, <a href="NGO" class="mw-redirect" title="NGO">NGOs</a>, the High Commissioner for Human Rights, UN agencies, treaty bodies, Special Procedures, and others.

<ul><li><i>Example:</i>

<ul><li>The Principles conclude by recognising the responsibility of a range of actors to promote and protect human rights and to integrate these standards into their work. A joint statement delivered at the <a href="United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">United Nations Human Rights Council</a> by 54 States from four of the five UN regions on 1 December 2006, for example, urges the Human Rights Council to "pay due attention to human rights violations based on sexual orientation and gender identity" and commends the work of civil society in this area, and calls upon "all Special Procedures and treaty bodies to continue to integrate consideration of human rights violations based on sexual orientation and gender identity within their relevant mandates." As this statement recognises, and the Yogyakarta Principles affirm, effective human rights protection truly is the responsibility of all.</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2017_Yogyakarta_Principles_plus_10">2017 Yogyakarta Principles plus 10</h3></div>

<ul><li><b>Preamble:</b> The <a href="Preamble" title="Preamble">Preamble</a> recalls developments in international human rights law, and an intention to regularly update the Principles. It defines gender expression and sex characteristics, applies these grounds to the original Principles, recognizes the <a href="Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">intersectionality</a> of the grounds adopted in the Principles, and their intersectionality with other grounds.</li>

<li><b>The Rights to State Protection:</b> Principle 30 recognises the right to State protection from violence, discrimination and harm, including the exercise of due diligence in prevention, investigation, prosecution and remedies.</li>

<li><b>The Right to Legal Recognition:</b> Principle 31 calls for a right to legal recognition without reference to sex, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression or sex characteristics, ending the superfluous inclusion of such information in identification documents.</li>

<li><b>The Right to Bodily and Mental Integrity:</b> Principle 32 recognizes a right to bodily and mental integrity, autonomy and self-determination, including a freedom from torture and ill-treatment. It calls for no-one to be subjected to invasive or irreversible medical procedures to modify sex characteristics without their consent unless necessary to prevent urgent and serious harm.</li>

<li><b>The Right to Freedom from Criminalization and Sanction:</b> Principle 33 recognizes a right to freedom from indirect or direct criminalization or sanction, including in customary, religious, public decency, vagrancy, sodomy and propaganda laws.</li>

<li><b>The Right to Protection from Poverty:</b> Principle 34 calls for the right to protection from poverty and social exclusion.</li>

<li><b>The Right to Sanitation:</b> Principle 35 calls on a right to safe and equitable access to sanitation and hygiene facilities.</li>

<li><b>The Right to the Enjoyment of Human Rights in Relation to Information and Communication Technologies:</b> Principle 36 calls for the same protection of rights online as offline.</li>

<li><b>The Right to Truth:</b> Principle 37 calls for the right to know the truth about human rights violations, including investigation and reparation unlimited by statutes of limitations, and including access to medical records.</li>

<li><b>The Right to Practise, Protect, Preserve and Revive Cultural Diversity:</b> Principle 38 calls on the right to practise and manifest cultural diversity.</li>

<li><b>Additional State Obligations:</b> the YP Plus 10 set out a range of additional obligations for States, including in relation to HIV status, access to sport, combating discrimination in prenatal selection and genetic modification technologies, detention and asylum, education, the <a href="Right_to_health" title="Right to health">right to health</a>, and freedom of peaceful assembly and association.</li>

<li><b>Additional Recommendations:</b> the Principles also set out recommendations for <a href="National_human_rights_institutions" class="mw-redirect" title="National human rights institutions">national human rights institutions</a> and sporting organizations.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>The website promoting the Principles notes that concerns have been voiced about a trend of people's human rights being violated because of their sexual orientation or gender identity. While the United Nations <a href="International_human_rights_instrument" class="mw-redirect" title="International human rights instrument">human rights instruments</a> detail obligations to ensure that people are protected from <a href="Discrimination" title="Discrimination">discrimination</a> and <a href="LGBT_stereotypes" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT stereotypes">stereotypes</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which includes people's expression of sexual orientation or gender identity, implementation of these rights has been fragmented and inconsistent internationally. The Principles aim to provide a consistent understanding about application of international human rights law in relation to sexual orientation and gender identity.<sup id="cite_ref-YOGYABOUT_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YOGYABOUT-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The Yogyakarta Principles were developed at a meeting of the <a href="International_Commission_of_Jurists" title="International Commission of Jurists">International Commission of Jurists</a>, the <a href="International_Service_for_Human_Rights" title="International Service for Human Rights">International Service for Human Rights</a> and human rights experts from around the world at <a href="Gadjah_Mada_University" title="Gadjah Mada University">Gadjah Mada University</a> on <a href="Java_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Java (island)">Java</a> from 6 to 9 November 2006. The seminar clarified the nature, scope and implementation of states' human rights obligations under existing human rights treaties and law, in relation to sexual orientation and gender identity. The principles that developed out of this meeting were adopted by human rights experts from around the world, and included judges, academics, a former UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, NGOs and others.<sup id="cite_ref-YOGYABOUT_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YOGYABOUT-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Irish human rights expert <a href="Michael_O'Flaherty" title="Michael O'Flaherty">Michael O'Flaherty</a> was rapporteur responsible for drafting and development of the Yogyakarta Principles adopted at the meeting.<sup id="cite_ref-ILGALITH_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ILGALITH-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Vitit_Muntarbhorn" title="Vitit Muntarbhorn">Vitit Muntarbhorn</a> and <a href="Sonia_Corr%C3%AAa" title="Sonia Corrêa">Sonia Onufer Corrêa</a> were the co-chairpersons.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The concluding document "contains 29 principles adopted unanimously by the experts, along with recommendations to governments, regional <a href="Intergovernmental_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Intergovernmental organization">intergovernmental institutions</a>, civil society, and the UN itself".<sup id="cite_ref-HRWWR2008_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRWWR2008-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The principles are named after <a href="Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a>, the city where the conference was held. These principles have not been adopted by States in a <a href="Treaty" title="Treaty">treaty</a>, and are thus not by themselves a legally binding part of international human rights law.<sup id="cite_ref-daccess-dds-ny.un.org_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daccess-dds-ny.un.org-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However the Principles are intended to serve as an interpretive aid to the human rights treaties.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Among the 29 signatories of the principles were <a href="Mary_Robinson" title="Mary Robinson">Mary Robinson</a>, <a href="Manfred_Nowak" title="Manfred Nowak">Manfred Nowak</a>, <a href="Martin_Scheinin" title="Martin Scheinin">Martin Scheinin</a>, <a href="Mauro_Cabral" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauro Cabral">Mauro Cabral</a>, <a href="Sonia_Corr%C3%AAa" title="Sonia Corrêa">Sonia Corrêa</a>, <a href="Elizabeth_Evatt" title="Elizabeth Evatt">Elizabeth Evatt</a>, <a href="Philip_Alston" title="Philip Alston">Philip Alston</a>, <a href="Edwin_Cameron" title="Edwin Cameron">Edwin Cameron</a>, <a href="Asma_Jahangir" title="Asma Jahangir">Asma Jahangir</a>, <a href="Paul_Hunt_(academic)" title="Paul Hunt (academic)">Paul Hunt</a>, <a href="Sanji_Mmasenono_Monageng" title="Sanji Mmasenono Monageng">Sanji Mmasenono Monageng</a>, <a href="Sunil_Babu_Pant" title="Sunil Babu Pant">Sunil Babu Pant</a>, <a href="Stephen_Whittle" title="Stephen Whittle">Stephen Whittle</a> and <a href="Wan_Yanhai" title="Wan Yanhai">Wan Yanhai</a>. The signatories intended that the Yogyakarta Principles should be adopted as a <a href="Universal_(metaphysics)" title="Universal (metaphysics)">universal</a> standard,<sup id="cite_ref-YOGYABOUT_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YOGYABOUT-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> affirming binding international legal standard with which all States must comply<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but some states have expressed reservations.<sup id="cite_ref-daccess-dds-ny.un.org_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daccess-dds-ny.un.org-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In alignment with the movement towards establishing basic human rights for all people, the Yogyakarta Principles specifically address <a href="Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">sexual orientation</a> and <a href="Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">gender identity</a>. The Principles were developed in response to patterns of abuse reported from around the world. These included examples of sexual assault and rape, torture and ill-treatment, extrajudicial executions, <a href="Honour_killing" class="mw-redirect" title="Honour killing">honour killing</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> invasion of privacy, <a href="Arbitrary_arrest_and_detention" title="Arbitrary arrest and detention">arbitrary arrest and imprisonment</a>, <a href="Medical_abuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical abuse">medical abuse</a>, denial of free speech and assembly and discrimination, prejudice and stigmatization<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in work, health, education, housing, family law, access to justice and immigration. These are estimated to affect millions of people who are, or have been, targeted on the basis of perceived or actual sexual orientation or gender identity.<sup id="cite_ref-REUTERS_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REUTERS-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Launch">Launch</h3></div>

<p>The finalised <b>Yogyakarta Principles</b> was launched as a global charter on 26 March 2007 at a public event in <a href="Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, timed to coincide with the main session of the <a href="United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">United Nations Human Rights Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ILGAGEN_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ILGAGEN-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Michael O'Flaherty, spoke at the <a href="International_Lesbian_and_Gay_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="International Lesbian and Gay Association">International Lesbian and Gay Association</a> (ILGA) Conference in Lithuania on 27 October 2007; he explained that "all human rights belong to all of us. We have human rights because we exist – not because we are gay or straight and irrespective of our gender identities", but that in many situations these human rights are not respected or realised, and that "the Yogyakarta Principles is to redress that situation".<sup id="cite_ref-ILGALITH_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ILGALITH-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The Yogyakarta Principles were presented at a United Nations event in <a href="New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> on 7 November 2007, co-sponsored by <a href="Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> and <a href="Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>. <a href="Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> explain that the first step towards this would be the de-criminalisation of homosexuality in 77 countries that still carry legal penalties for people in same-sex relationships, and repeal of the death penalty in the seven countries that still have the death penalty for such sexual practice.<sup id="cite_ref-REUTERS_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REUTERS-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yogyakarta_Principles_plus_10">Yogyakarta Principles plus 10</h3></div>

<p>On 10 November 2017, the "Yogyakarta Principles plus 10" (The YP +10) to the supplement the Principles, formally as "Additional Principles and State Obligation on the Application of International Human Rights Law in Relation to Sexual Orientation, Gender Expression and Sex Characteristics to Complement the Yogyakarta Principles", emerged from the intersection of the developments in international human rights law with the emerging understanding of violations suffered by person on ground of sexual orientation and gender identity and the recognition of the district and <a href="Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">intersectional</a> grounds of gender expression and <a href="Sex_characteristics" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex characteristics">sex characteristics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The update was drafted by a committee of <a href="Mauro_Cabral_Grinspan" title="Mauro Cabral Grinspan">Mauro Cabral Grinspan</a>, <a href="Morgan_Carpenter" title="Morgan Carpenter">Morgan Carpenter</a>, Julia Ehrt, Sheherezade Kara, Arvind Narrain, Pooja Patel, <a href="Chris_Sidoti" title="Chris Sidoti">Chris Sidoti</a> and <a href="Monica_Tabengwa" title="Monica Tabengwa">Monica Tabengwa</a>. Signatories additionally include <a href="Philip_Alston" title="Philip Alston">Philip Alston</a>, <a href="Edwin_Cameron" title="Edwin Cameron">Edwin Cameron</a>, <a href="Kamala_Chandrakirana" title="Kamala Chandrakirana">Kamala Chandrakirana</a>, <a href="Sonia_Corr%C3%AAa" title="Sonia Corrêa">Sonia Onufer Corrêa</a>, <a href="David_Kaye_(academic)" title="David Kaye (academic)">David Kaye</a>, <a href="Maina_Kiai" title="Maina Kiai">Maina Kiai</a>, <a href="Victor_Madrigal-Borloz" title="Victor Madrigal-Borloz">Victor Madrigal-Borloz</a>, <a href="Sanji_Mmasenono_Monageng" title="Sanji Mmasenono Monageng">Sanji Mmasenono Monageng</a>, <a href="Vitit_Muntarbhorn" title="Vitit Muntarbhorn">Vitit Muntarbhorn</a>, <a href="Sunil_Pant" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunil Pant">Sunil Pant</a>, Dainius Puras, <a href="Ajit_Prakash_Shah" title="Ajit Prakash Shah">Ajit Prakash Shah</a>, <a href="Sylvia_Tamale" title="Sylvia Tamale">Sylvia Tamale</a>, <a href="Frans_Viljoen" title="Frans Viljoen">Frans Viljoen</a>, and <a href="Kimberly_Zieselman" title="Kimberly Zieselman">Kimberly Zieselman</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reasoning">Reasoning</h2></div>

<p>The compilers explain that the Principles detail how <a href="International_human_rights_law" title="International human rights law">international human rights law</a> can be applied to sexual orientation and gender identity issues, in a way that affirms international law and to which all states can be bound. They maintain that wherever people are recognised as being born free and equal in dignity and rights, this should include LGBT people. They argue that human rights standards can be interpreted in terms of sexual orientation and gender identity when they touch on issues of torture and violence, extrajudicial execution, access to justice, privacy, freedom from discrimination, freedom of expression and assembly, access to employment, health-care, education, and immigration and refugee issues. The Principles aim to explain that States are obliged to ensure equal access to human rights, and each principle recommends how to achieve this, highlighting international agencies' responsibilities to promote and maintain human rights.<sup id="cite_ref-YOGYABOUT_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YOGYABOUT-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The Principles are based on the recognition of the right to non-discrimination. The <a href="Committee_on_Economic%2C_Social_and_Cultural_Rights" title="Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights">Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights</a> (CESCR) has dealt with these matters in its General Comments, the interpretative texts it issues to explicate the full meaning of the provisions of the <a href="International_Covenant_on_Economic%2C_Social_and_Cultural_Rights" title="International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights">International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights</a>. In General Comments Nos. 18 of 2005 (on the <a href="Right_to_work" title="Right to work">right to work</a>), 15 of 2002 (on the <a href="Right_to_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to water">right to water</a>) and 14 of 2000 (on the <a href="Right_to_health" title="Right to health">right to the highest attainable standard of health</a>), it indicated that the Covenant proscribes any discrimination on the basis of, <i>inter alia</i>, sex and sexual orientation "that has the intention or effect of nullifying or impairing the equal enjoyment or exercise of [the right at issue]".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The <a href="Committee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women">Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women</a> (CEDAW), notwithstanding that it has not addressed the matter in a General Comment or otherwise specified the applicable provisions of the <a href="Convention_on_the_Elimination_of_All_Forms_of_Discrimination_Against_Women" title="Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women">Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women</a>, on a number of occasions has criticised states for discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. For example, it addressed the situation of sexual minority women in Kyrgyzstan and recommended that, 'lesbianism be reconceptualised as a sexual orientation and that penalties for its practice be abolished'.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Nations">United Nations</h3></div>

<p>The Principles have never been accepted by the United Nations and the attempt to make gender identity and sexual orientation new categories of non-discrimination has been repeatedly rejected by the General Assembly, the UN Human Rights Council and other UN bodies. In July 2010, Vernor Muñoz, United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Right to Education, presented to the <a href="United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> an interim report on the human right to comprehensive <a href="Sexual_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual education">sexual education</a>, in which he cited the Yogyakarta Principles as a Human Rights standard.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the ensuing discussion, the majority of General Assembly Third Committee members recommended against adopting the principles.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Representative of <a href="Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a>, speaking on behalf of all African States argued that the report:

</p>

<blockquote><p>Reflected an attempt to introduce controversial notions and a disregard to the Code of Conduct for Special Procedures Mandate-holders as outlined in <a href="Human_Rights_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Human Rights Council">Human Rights Council</a> resolution 8/4. She expressed alarm at the reinterpretation of existing human rights instruments, principles and concepts. The report also selectively quoted general comments and country-specific recommendations made by treaty bodies and propagated controversial and unrecognized principles, including the so-called Yogyakarta Principles, to justify his personal opinion.<sup id="cite_ref-daccess-dds-ny.un.org_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daccess-dds-ny.un.org-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote>

<p><a href="Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a>, on behalf of the Caribbean States members of <a href="CARICOM" class="mw-redirect" title="CARICOM">CARICOM</a>, argued that the special rapporteur "had chosen to ignore his mandate, as laid down in Human Rights Council resolution 8/4, and to focus instead on the so-called 'human right to comprehensive education.' Such a right did not exist under any internationally agreed human rights instrument or law and his attempts to create one far exceeded his mandate and that of the Human Rights Council."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The representative of <a href="Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>, speaking on behalf of the <a href="Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a>, said that the Arab States were "dismayed" and accused the rapporteur of attempting to promote "controversial doctrines that did not enjoy universal recognition" and to "redefine established concepts of sexual and reproductive health education, or of human rights more broadly".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a> expressed "its disappointment and fundamental disagreement with the report," writing of the rapporteur:

</p>

<blockquote><p>As justification for his conclusions, he cited numerous documents which had not been agreed to at the intergovernmental level, and which therefore could not be considered as authoritative expressions of the opinion of the international community. In particular, he referred to the Yogyarkarta Principles and also to the International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education. Implementation of various provisions and recommendations of the latter document would result in criminal prosecution for such criminal offences as corrupting youth.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_institutions">Regional institutions</h3></div>

<p>The <a href="Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> states in "Human Rights and Gender Identity"<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that Principle 3 of the Yogyakarta Principles is "of particular relevance". They recommend that member states "abolish sterilisation and other compulsory medical treatment as a necessary legal requirement to recognise a person's gender identity in laws regulating the process for name and sex change," (V.4) as well as to "make gender reassignment procedures, such as hormone treatment, surgery and psychological support, accessible for transgender persons, and ensure that they are reimbursed by public health insurance schemes." (V.5) Similarly, the <a href="Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe</a> adopted a document titled "Discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity" on 23 March 2010,<sup id="cite_ref-Council_of_Europe_Parliamentary_Assembly_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Council_of_Europe_Parliamentary_Assembly-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> describing the prejudice that "homosexuality is immoral" as a "subjective view usually based on religious dogma that, in a democratic society, cannot be a basis for limiting the rights of others." The document argued that the belief that "homosexuality is worsening the demographic crisis and threatening the future of the nation" is "illogical," and that "granting legal recognition to same-sex couples has no influence on whether heterosexuals marry or have children."<sup id="cite_ref-Council_of_Europe_Parliamentary_Assembly_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Council_of_Europe_Parliamentary_Assembly-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_institutions">National institutions</h3></div>

<p>However, the Principles have been cited by numerous national governments and court judgments.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The principles influenced the proposed <a href="UN_declaration_on_sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity" class="mw-redirect" title="UN declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity">UN declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity</a> in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-C-FAM_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C-FAM-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Human rights and LGBT-rights groups took up the principles, and discussion has featured in the gay press,<sup id="cite_ref-PINKPAPER_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PINKPAPER-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as academic papers and text books (see bibliography).

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Brazil">Brazil</h4></div>

<p>In a unanimous decision on May 5, 2011, the Brazilian <a href="Supreme_Federal_Court" title="Supreme Federal Court">Supreme Federal Court</a> became the first <a href="Supreme_court" title="Supreme court">supreme court</a> in the world to recognize same-sex <a href="Civil_union" title="Civil union">civil unions</a> as a family entity equal in rights to a heterosexual one, as certified by <a href="UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-STF_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STF-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> expressly citing the Yogyakarta Principles as a significant legal guideline:<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

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</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>It is important to point out, for relevant, that this examination is in line with the Yogyakarta Principles, that translates recommendations addressed to the national States, as a result of a conference held in Indonesia, in November 2006, under the coordination of the <a href="International_Commission_of_Jurists" title="International Commission of Jurists">International Commission of Jurists</a> and the <a href="International_Service_for_Human_Rights" title="International Service for Human Rights">International Service for Human Rights</a>. This Charter of Principles on the application of international human rights regarding sexual and gender identity has, in its text, the Principle 24, the wording of which is as follows: THE RIGHT TO CONSTITUTE FAMILY (...)</i>.</p></blockquote>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="India">India</h4></div>

<p>The <a href="Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> relied on the Yogyakarta Principles (200<i>7)</i>, when ruling in the case of <a href="National_Legal_Services_Authority_v._Union_of_India" title="National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India"><i>NLSA v. Union of India (2014)</i></a>, which recognised the <a href="Gender_self-identification" title="Gender self-identification">right to self-identify gender</a> and <a href="Legal_recognition_of_non-binary_gender" title="Legal recognition of non-binary gender">recognized non-binary gender</a> as "<a href="Third_gender" title="Third gender">Third Gender</a>." The court held that Yogyakarta Principles must be recognised and followed as long as they are consistent with the <a href="Fundamental_rights_in_India" title="Fundamental rights in India">fundamental rights</a> enshrined in the <a href="Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<blockquote class="templatequote"><p>53. ...Any international convention not inconsistent with the fundamental rights and in harmony with its spirit must be read into those provisions, e.g., Articles 14, 15, 19 and 21 of the Constitution to enlarge the meaning and content thereof and to promote the object of constitutional guarantee. Principles discussed hereinbefore on [Transgender Person]s and the International Conventions, including Yogyakarta principles, which we have found not inconsistent with the various fundamental rights guaranteed under the Indian Constitution, must be recognized and followed, which has sufficient legal and historical justification in our country.</p></blockquote>

<p>The <a href="Constitution_bench_(India)" title="Constitution bench (India)">Constitutional Bench</a> of the <a href="Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> held that the Yogyakarta Principles (2007) conform to the constitutional view of fundamental rights, when decriminalizing homosexuality in the case of <a href="Navtej_Singh_Johar_v._Union_of_India" title="Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India"><i>Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India</i> <i>(2018)</i></a>. In his concurring opinion, Justice R.F. Nariman said,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<blockquote class="templatequote"><p>84. ...the Yogyakarta Principles on the Application of International Human Rights Law in relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity discussed below, which were also referred to by Radhakrishnan, J. in <a href="National_Legal_Services_Authority_v._Union_of_India" title="National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India">NALSA</a> (supra), conform to our constitutional view of the fundamental rights of the citizens of India and persons who come to this Court.<br>85. The <a href="International_Commission_of_Jurists" title="International Commission of Jurists">International Commission of Jurists</a> and the <a href="International_Service_for_Human_Rights" title="International Service for Human Rights">International Service for Human Rights</a>, on behalf of a coalition of human rights organisations, had undertaken a project to develop a set of international legal principles on the application of international law to human rights violations based on sexual orientation and gender identity to bring greater clarity and coherence to States' human rights obligations...<br>88. These principles give further content to the fundamental rights contained in Articles 14, 15, 19 and 21, and viewed in the light of these principles also, Section 377 will have to be declared to be unconstitutional.</p></blockquote>

<p>Essentially, the <a href="Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court</a> read the Yogyakarta Principles (2007) into the Fundamental Rights of the Indian Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Intersex_people">Intersex people</h2></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex human rights</a> and <a href="Legal_recognition_of_intersex_people" title="Legal recognition of intersex people">Legal recognition of intersex people</a></div>

<p>The Yogyakarta Principles mention intersex people only briefly. In a manual on <i>Promoting and Protecting Human Rights in relation to <a href="Sexual_Orientation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual Orientation">Sexual Orientation</a>, <a href="Gender_Identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender Identity">Gender Identity</a> and <a href="Sex_characteristics" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex characteristics">Sex Characteristics</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-afp2016_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afp2016-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="Asia_Pacific_Forum" title="Asia Pacific Forum">Asia Pacific Forum</a> of <a href="National_Human_Rights_Institutions" class="mw-redirect" title="National Human Rights Institutions">National Human Rights Institutions</a> (APF) states, "The Principles do not deal appropriately or adequately with the application of international human rights law in relation to intersex people. They do not specifically distinguish sex characteristics."<sup id="cite_ref-afp2016_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afp2016-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Those issues were addressed in the Yogyakarta Principles plus 10 update. <a href="Boris_Dittrich" title="Boris Dittrich">Boris Dittrich</a> of <a href="Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> comments that the new update "protects intersex children from involuntary modification of their sex characteristics".<sup id="cite_ref-hrw2017_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrw2017-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

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<ul><li>Brazilian resolution</li>

<li><a href="Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Compulsory sterilization</a></li>

<li><a href="Declaration_of_Montreal" title="Declaration of Montreal">Declaration of Montreal</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender role</a></li>

<li><a href="International_human_rights_law" title="International human rights law">International human rights law</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex human rights</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBT_history" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history">LGBT history</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBT_people_in_prison" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT people in prison">LGBT people in prison</a> – <a href="Prison_rape" title="Prison rape">prison rape</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBT_rights_at_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights at the United Nations">LGBT rights at the United Nations</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights by country or territory">LGBT rights by country or territory</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBT_stereotypes" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT stereotypes">LGBT stereotypes</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBT_topics_in_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT topics in medicine">LGBT topics in medicine</a></li>

<li><a href="Minority_rights" title="Minority rights">Minority rights</a></li>

<li><a href="Reproductive_rights" title="Reproductive rights">Reproductive rights</a></li>

<li><a href="Right_to_sexuality" title="Right to sexuality">Right to sexuality</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a> – <a href="Social_vulnerability" title="Social vulnerability">social vulnerability</a></li>

<li><a href="Violence_against_LGBT_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Violence against LGBT people">Violence against LGBT people</a></li>

<li><a href="World_Association_for_Sexual_Health" title="World Association for Sexual Health">World Association for Sexual Health</a></li></ul>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Service_for_Human_Rights" class="citation web cs1">International Service for Human Rights. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130515111556/http://www.ishr.ch/archive-general-assembly/933-majority-of-ga-third-committee-unable-to-accept-report-on-the-human-right-to-sexual-education">"Majority of GA Third Committee unable to accept report on the human right to sexual education"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ishr.ch/archive-general-assembly/933-majority-of-ga-third-committee-unable-to-accept-report-on-the-human-right-to-sexual-education">the original</a> on 15 May 2013.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-OVERVIEW-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OVERVIEW_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090627/http://www.yogyakartaprinciples.org/principles_en_overview.htm">"Backgrounder: The Yogyakarta Principles - an Overview"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yogyakartaprinciples.org/principles_en_overview.htm">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Principle 11. The Right to Protection from all form of exploitation, sale and trafficking of human being</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" class="citation web cs1">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/48abd5660.html">"Refworld - UNHCR Guidance Note on Refugee Claims Relating to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity"</a>. <i>Refworld</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161207064715/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/48abd5660.html/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Preamble, Principle 25 (b) and Additional Recommendations (o) of the Yogyakarta Principles</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-YOGYABOUT-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-YOGYABOUT_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-YOGYABOUT_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-YOGYABOUT_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-YOGYABOUT_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122237/http://www.yogyakartaprinciples.org/principles_en_about.htm">"About the Yogyakarta Principles"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yogyakartaprinciples.org/principles_en_about.htm">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-ILGALITH-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ILGALITH_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ILGALITH_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090106032001/http://www.ukgaynews.org.uk/Archive/07/Oct/2702.htm">"The Yogyakarta Principles: Rapporteur Addresses Gay Conference"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukgaynews.org.uk/Archive/07/Oct/2702.htm">the original</a> on 6 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Introduction to The Yogyakarta Principles</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-HRWWR2008-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HRWWR2008_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHuman_Rights_Watch2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4QL9BElMSbkC&q=Yogyakarta+Principles&pg=PA35"><i>Human Rights Watch World Report</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160404151006/https://books.google.com/books?id=4QL9BElMSbkC&pg=PA35&dq=Yogyakarta+Principles&ei=uDVCSoq2JaTYMLKvqMEO&client=mozilla">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2016</span> – via <a href="Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-daccess-dds-ny.un.org-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-daccess-dds-ny.un.org_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-daccess-dds-ny.un.org_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-daccess-dds-ny.un.org_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">United Nations General Assembly, Official Records, Third Committee, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N09/576/53/PDF/N0957653.pdf?OpenElement">Summary record of the 29th meeting held in New York, on Monday, 25 October 2010, at 3 p.m</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927135721/http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N09/576/53/PDF/N0957653.pdf?OpenElement">Archived</a> 27 September 2012 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, para. 9.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Additional Recommendation (i)</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Preamble of the Yogyakarta Principles</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-REUTERS-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-REUTERS_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-REUTERS_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHuman_Rights_Watch" class="citation web cs1">Human Rights Watch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081110140624/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/HRW/d7bc1e961a61c711589cc05ab4fbede3.htm">"UN: Support Global Gay Rights Charter"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/HRW/d7bc1e961a61c711589cc05ab4fbede3.htm">the original</a> on 10 November 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-ILGAGEN-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ILGAGEN_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121103032010/http://ilga-europe.org/home/news/latest_news/the_yogyakarta_principles_to_be_launched_on_26_march_in_geneva">"The Yogyakarta Principles to be launched on 26 March in Geneva"</a>. <i><a href="ILGA" class="mw-redirect" title="ILGA">ILGA</a>-Europe</i>. 19 March 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilga-europe.org/home/news/latest_news/the_yogyakarta_principles_to_be_launched_on_26_march_in_geneva">the original</a> on 3 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111004104856/http://www.yogyakartaprinciples.org/yogyakarta-article-human-rights-law-review.pdf">"Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and International Human Rights Law"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yogyakartaprinciples.org/yogyakarta-article-human-rights-law-review.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 October 2011.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043532/http://www.yogyakartaprinciples.org/principles-en/yp10/">"Yogyakarta Principles plus 10"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yogyakartaprinciples.org/principles-en/yp10/">the original</a> on 1 December 2017.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLee2017" class="citation web cs1">Lee, Steve (27 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lgbtweekly.com/2017/11/27/updated-international-human-rights-principles-for-the-treatment-of-lgbti-people-released/">"Updated international human rights principles for the treatment of LGBTI people released"</a>. <i>LGBT Weekly</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171127230739/http://lgbtweekly.com/2017/11/27/updated-international-human-rights-principles-for-the-treatment-of-lgbti-people-released/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite>

<cite id="CITEREFPower2017" class="citation web cs1">Power, Shannon (29 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/principles-that-guide-lgbti-rights-get-an-update/">"The Yogyakarta Principles have just been updated for the first time in 10 years"</a>. <i><a href="Gay_Star_News" title="Gay Star News">Gay Star News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171206005941/https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/principles-that-guide-lgbti-rights-get-an-update/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite>

<cite id="CITEREFWilliams_Institute2017" class="citation web cs1">Williams Institute (27 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/press/press-releases/updated-yogyakarta-principles-pr/">"Updated Yogyakarta Principles Released"</a>. <i><a href="Williams_Institute" title="Williams Institute">Williams Institute</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171205194806/https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/press/press-releases/updated-yogyakarta-principles-pr/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPower2017" class="citation web cs1">Power, Shannon (5 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/victor-madrigal-borloz/">"Costa Rican Victor Madrigal-Borloz named new UN Expert on LGBTIQ issues"</a>. <i><a href="Gay_Star_News" title="Gay Star News">Gay Star News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171206005943/https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/victor-madrigal-borloz/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLee2017" class="citation web cs1">Lee, Steve (27 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lgbtweekly.com/2017/11/27/updated-international-human-rights-principles-for-the-treatment-of-lgbti-people-released/">"Updated international human rights principles for the treatment of LGBTI people released"</a>. <i>LGBT Weekly</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171206005933/http://lgbtweekly.com/2017/11/27/updated-international-human-rights-principles-for-the-treatment-of-lgbti-people-released/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cescr/comments.htm">CESCR General Comments 14, 15 and 18</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110806002003/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cescr/comments.htm">Archived</a> August 6, 2011, at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N10/462/13/PDF/N1046213.pdf?OpenElement">Report of the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the right to education, 23 July 2010, UN Doc. A/65/162</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927002455/http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N10/462/13/PDF/N1046213.pdf?OpenElement">Archived</a> September 27, 2012, at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, para 23: <blockquote><p>Sexual education is a basic tool for ending discrimination against persons of diverse sexual orientations. A very important contribution to thinking in this area was made by the 2006 Yogyakarta Principles on the application of international human rights law in relation to sexual orientation and gender identity. The Special Rapporteur fully endorses the precepts of Principle 16, referring specifically to the right to education.</p></blockquote></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">International Service for Human Rights, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ishr.ch/archive-general-assembly/933-majority-of-ga-third-committee-unable-to-accept-report-on-the-human-right-to-sexual-education">Majority of GA Third Committee unable to accept report on the human right to sexual education</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130515111556/http://www.ishr.ch/archive-general-assembly/933-majority-of-ga-third-committee-unable-to-accept-report-on-the-human-right-to-sexual-education">Archived</a> May 15, 2013, at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">United Nations General Assembly, Official Records, Third Committee, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/C.3/65/SR.29">Summary record of the 29th meeting held in New York, on Monday, 25 October 2010, at 3 p.m, UN Doc. A/C.3/65/SR.29</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160604074048/http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A%2FC.3%2F65%2FSR.29">Archived</a> 4 June 2016 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, para. 11.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">United Nations General Assembly, Official Records, Third Committee, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/C.3/65/SR.29">Summary record of the 29th meeting held in New York, on Monday, 25 October 2010, at 3 p.m, UN Doc. A/C.3/65/SR.29</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160604074048/http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A%2FC.3%2F65%2FSR.29">Archived</a> 4 June 2016 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, para. 14–15.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">United Nations General Assembly, Official Records, Third Committee, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/C.3/65/SR.29">Summary record of the 29th meeting held in New York, on Monday, 25 October 2010, at 3 p.m, UN Doc. A/C.3/65/SR.29</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160604074048/http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A%2FC.3%2F65%2FSR.29">Archived</a> 4 June 2016 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, para. 22–23.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCouncil_of_Europe,_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights,_Mandate_2006-2012,_Thomas_Hammarberg" class="citation web cs1">Council of Europe, Commissioner for Human Rights, Mandate 2006-2012, Thomas Hammarberg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=1476365">"Human rights and gender identity: An Issue Paper commissioned and published by Thomas Hammarberg, Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304231746/https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=1476365">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Council_of_Europe_Parliamentary_Assembly-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Council_of_Europe_Parliamentary_Assembly_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Council_of_Europe_Parliamentary_Assembly_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://assembly.coe.int/Main.asp?link=/Documents/WorkingDocs/Doc10/EDOC12185.htm">Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly, Discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity, 23 March 2010</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100612221226/http://assembly.coe.int/Main.asp?link=%2FDocuments%2FWorkingDocs%2FDoc10%2FEDOC12185.htm">Archived</a> 12 June 2010 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFO'Flaherty2015" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="Michael_O'Flaherty" title="Michael O'Flaherty">O'Flaherty, Michael</a> (2015). "The Yogyakarta Principles at Ten". <i><a href="Nordic_Journal_of_Human_Rights" title="Nordic Journal of Human Rights">Nordic Journal of Human Rights</a></i>. <b>33</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">280–</span>298. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F18918131.2015.1127009">10.1080/18918131.2015.1127009</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1891-8131">1891-8131</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:148294781">148294781</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-C-FAM-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-C-FAM_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-fam.org/publications/id.954/pub_detail.asp">French UN "Sexual Orientation" Push Linked to Radical Yogyakarta Principles, Piero A. Tozzi, Catholic Family and Human Rights Institute, 1st January 2009</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090707085732/https://www.c-fam.org/publications/id.954/pub_detail.asp">Archived</a> July 7, 2009, at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-PINKPAPER-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PINKPAPER_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pinknews.co.uk/news/articles/2005-5889.html">"United Nations to host LGBT rights panel"</a>. <i><a href="PinkNews" title="PinkNews">PinkNews</a></i>. 29 October 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081201215059/http://www.pinknews.co.uk/news/articles/2005-5889.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-STF-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-STF_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190527171655/http://www.stf.jus.br/portal/cms/verNoticiaDetalhe.asp%3FidConteudo%3D398450">"STF receberá certificado por decisão histórica que reconheceu união homoafetiva como entidade familiar"</a> [STF will receive certificate for historic decision that recognized same-sex union as a family entity] (in Portuguese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stf.jus.br/portal/cms/verNoticiaDetalhe.asp?idConteudo=398450">the original</a> on 27 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.stf.jus.br/processos/detalhe.asp?incidente=2598238">"STF, ADPF 132, j. 5/5/2011"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite><i><a href="National_Legal_Services_Authority_v._Union_of_India" title="National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India">National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India</a></i></cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140527105348/http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/outtoday/wc40012.pdf"> <abbr title="Writ Petition (Civil) Number">W. P. (C) No.</abbr> 604 of 2013</a> (<a href="Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> 15 April 2014), archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/outtoday/wc40012.pdf">the original</a> on 27 May 2014.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite><i>Navtej Singh Johar <abbr title="and">&</abbr> <abbr title="Others">Ors.</abbr> versus Union of India <abbr title="through">thr.</abbr> Its Secretary, Ministry of Law and Justice</i></cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200703201150/https://main.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2016/14961/14961_2016_Judgement_06-Sep-2018.pdf"> <abbr title="Writ Petition (Criminal) Number">W. P. (Crl.) No.</abbr> 76 of 2016</a> (<a href="Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> 6 September 2018), archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2016/14961/14961_2016_Judgement_06-Sep-2018.pdf">the original</a> on 3 July 2020.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Commission_of_Jurists2019" class="citation cs2"><a href="International_Commission_of_Jurists" title="International Commission of Jurists">International Commission of Jurists</a> (2019), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190730090851/https://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/India-Living-with-dignity-Publications-Reports-thematic-report-2019-ENG.pdf"><i>Living with Dignity: Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity-Based Human Rights Violations in Housing, Work, and Public Spaces in India</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report), archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/India-Living-with-dignity-Publications-Reports-thematic-report-2019-ENG.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 30 July 2019</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSinghRajamane" class="citation web cs1">Singh, Mansi; Rajamane, Mihir. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ohrh.law.ox.ac.uk/welfare-as-a-human-right-an-intersectional-approach-to-trans-rights-in-india/">"Welfare as a Human Right: An Intersectional Approach to Trans Rights in India | OHRH"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-16</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-afp2016-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-afp2016_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-afp2016_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAsia_Pacific_Forum_of_National_Human_Rights_Institutions2016" class="citation book cs1">Asia Pacific Forum of National Human Rights Institutions (June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asiapacificforum.net/resources/manual-sogi-and-sex-charactersitics/"><i>Promoting and Protecting Human Rights in relation to Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Sex Characteristics</i></a>. <a href="Asia_Pacific_Forum" title="Asia Pacific Forum">Asia Pacific Forum of National Human Rights Institutions</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-9942513-7-4</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170115144950/http://www.asiapacificforum.net/resources/manual-sogi-and-sex-charactersitics/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2017.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-hrw2017-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hrw2017_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDittrich2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="Boris_Dittrich" title="Boris Dittrich">Dittrich, Boris</a> (28 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/11/28/global-principles-protecting-lgbti-rights-updated">"Global Principles Protecting LGBTI Rights Updated"</a>. <i><a href="Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171129094555/https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/11/28/global-principles-protecting-lgbti-rights-updated">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>

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</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yogyakartaprinciples.org/">The Yogyakarta Principles</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yogyakartaprinciples.org/principles-en/yp10/">Yogyakarta Principles plus 10</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121016184028/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/category,REFERENCE,ICJRISTS,,,48244e602,O.html">The Yogyakarta Principles</a> (Official site of <a href="UNHCR" class="mw-redirect" title="UNHCR">UNHCR</a>)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ypinaction.org/">Yogyakarta Principles in Action</a></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFAndrzejewskiBaltodanoSymcox2009" class="citation book cs1">Andrzejewski, Ju; Baltodano, Marta; Symcox, Linda (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D1KmFdFCULEC&q=Yogyakarta+Principles&pg=PA254"><i>Social Justice, Peace, and Environmental Education: Transformative Standards</i></a>. <a href="Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780203879429</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><a href="Boris_Dittrich" title="Boris Dittrich">Dittrich, Boris</a>, Yogyakarta Principles: applying existing human rights norms to sexual orientation and gender identity, HIV AIDS Policy Law Rev. 2008 Dec;13(2–3):92-3.</li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFEttelbrickTrabucco_Zerán2016" class="citation cs2">Ettelbrick, Paula L.; Trabucco Zerán, Alia (2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ypinaction.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Yogyakarta_Principles_Impact_Tracking_Report.pdf"><i>The impact of the Yogyakarta Principles on the International Human Rights Law Development, A Study of November 2007 – June 2010</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span></cite></li>

<li>S. Farrior, Human Rights Advocacy on Gender Issues: Challenges and Opportunities, J Human Rights Practice, March 1, 2009; 1(1): 83–100.</li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFKara2016" class="citation journal cs1">Kara, Sheherezade (2016). "Reclaiming the Gender Framework: Contextualizing Jurisprudence on Gender Identity in UN Human Rights Mechanisms". <i>LGBTQ Policy Journal</i>. <b>VI</b>: <span class="nowrap">22–</span>32.</cite></li>

<li>Michael O'Flaherty and John Fisher, Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and International Human Rights Law: Contextualising the Yogyakarta Principles, Human Rights Law Review 2008 8(2):207–248; <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fhrlr%2Fngn009">10.1093/hrlr/ngn009</a></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFOtto2015" class="citation journal cs1">Otto, Dianne (October 2015). "Queering Gender (Identity) in International Law". <i><a href="Nordic_Journal_of_Human_Rights" title="Nordic Journal of Human Rights">Nordic Journal of Human Rights</a></i>. <b>33</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">299–</span>318. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F18918131.2016.1123474">10.1080/18918131.2016.1123474</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1891-8131">1891-8131</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147374368">147374368</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFTozzi2008" class="citation cs2">Tozzi, Piero A. (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://c-fam.org/wp-content/uploads/Yogyakarta-Principles.pdf"><i>Six Problems with the "Yogyakarta Principles"</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Catholic Family & Human Rights Institute</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFWaites2009" class="citation journal cs1">Waites, Matthew (2009). "Critique of 'sexual orientation' and 'gender identity' in human rights discourse: global queer politics beyond the Yogyakarta Principles". <i><a href="Contemporary_Politics" title="Contemporary Politics">Contemporary Politics</a></i>. <b>15</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">137–</span>156. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13569770802709604">10.1080/13569770802709604</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1356-9775">1356-9775</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143695135">143695135</a>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yogyakartaprinciples.org/">The Yogyakarta Principles</a></li></ul>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="LGBTQ_people_(topic_outline)826" style="text-align:center;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lavender; color:black;"><div id="LGBTQ_people_(topic_outline)826" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="LGBTQ_people" title="LGBTQ people">LGBTQ people</a> (<a href="Outline_of_LGBTQ_topics" title="Outline of LGBTQ topics">topic outline</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lavender; color:black;;background:lavender;"><div id="*_Academic_fields_*_Discourse826" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">

<ul><li><a href="Outline_of_academic_disciplines" title="Outline of academic disciplines">Academic fields</a></li>

<li><a href="Discourse" title="Discourse">Discourse</a></li></ul>

</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Education_and_the_LGBTQ_community" title="Education and the LGBTQ community">LGBTQ topics in education</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_studies" title="Gender studies">Gender studies</a></li>

<li><a href="Lesbian_feminism" title="Lesbian feminism">Lesbian feminism</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_linguistics" title="LGBTQ linguistics">Linguistics</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_literature" title="LGBTQ literature">Literature</a>

<li><a href="Lesbian_literature" title="Lesbian literature">Lesbian</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_literature" title="Transgender literature">Transgender</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_psychology" title="LGBTQ psychology">Psychology</a></li>

<li><a href="Queer_studies" title="Queer studies">Queer studies</a></li>

<li><a href="Queer_theory" title="Queer theory">Queer theory</a></li>

<li><a href="Transfeminism" title="Transfeminism">Transfeminism</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lavender; color:black;;background:lavender;"><div id="*_Community_*_Culture826" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">

<ul><li><a href="LGBTQ_community" title="LGBTQ community">Community</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_culture" title="LGBTQ culture">Culture</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Gay_anthem" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay anthem">Anthems</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_LGBTQ-related_awards" title="List of LGBTQ-related awards">Awards</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_LGBTQ_literary_awards" title="List of LGBTQ literary awards">Literary</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Bars

<li><a href="Lesbian_bar" title="Lesbian bar">Lesbian</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Bisexual_community" title="Bisexual community">Bisexual community</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ-owned_business" title="LGBTQ-owned business">Businesses</a></li>

<li><a href="Coming_out" title="Coming out">Coming out</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_community_centre" title="LGBTQ community centre">Community centers</a></li>

<li><a href="Cross-dressing" title="Cross-dressing">Cross-dressing</a>

<li><a href="Drag_queen" title="Drag queen">Drag queen</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_LGBTQ_events" title="List of LGBTQ events">Events</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_LGBTQ_awareness_periods" title="List of LGBTQ awareness periods">Awareness periods</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_LGBTQ_film_festivals" title="List of LGBTQ film festivals">Film festivals</a></li>

<li><a href="Gay_village" title="Gay village">Gay village</a></li>

<li><a href="Gay-friendly" title="Gay-friendly">Gay-friendly</a></li>

<li><a href="Gay_icon" title="Gay icon">Icons</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_literature" title="LGBTQ literature">Literature</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_music" title="LGBTQ music">Music</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ%2B_media" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBTQ+ media">Media</a>

<li><a href="Lists_of_LGBTQ-related_films" title="Lists of LGBTQ-related films">Films</a></li>

<li><a href="New_queer_cinema" title="New queer cinema">New queer cinema</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_LGBTQ_periodicals" title="List of LGBTQ periodicals">Periodicals</a></li>

<li><a href="Media_portrayal_of_LGBTQ_people" title="Media portrayal of LGBTQ people">Portrayal</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_LGBTQ-related_organizations_and_conferences" title="List of LGBTQ-related organizations and conferences">Organizations</a></li>

<li><a href="Lists_of_LGBTQ_people" title="Lists of LGBTQ people">People</a></li>

<li><a href="Pride_(LGBTQ_culture)" title="Pride (LGBTQ culture)">Pride</a>

<ul><li><a href="Pride_Month" title="Pride Month">Pride Month</a></li>

<li><a href="Pride_parade" title="Pride parade">Pride parade</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Queerplatonic_relationship" title="Queerplatonic relationship">Queerplatonic relationships</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBT-affirming_religious_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT-affirming religious groups">Religious groups</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Gay_Rodeo_Association" title="International Gay Rodeo Association">Rodeos</a></li>

<li><a href="Same-sex_relationship" title="Same-sex relationship">Same-sex relationships</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_slang" title="LGBTQ slang">Slang</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_slogans" title="LGBTQ slogans">Slogans</a></li>

<li><a href="Homosexuality_in_modern_sports" title="Homosexuality in modern sports">Sports</a>

<ul><li><a href="Pride_Nights" class="mw-redirect" title="Pride Nights">Pride Nights</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Takat%C4%81pui" title="Takatāpui">Takatāpui</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_theatre" title="LGBTQ theatre">Theatre</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_LGBTQ_theatre_companies" title="List of LGBTQ theatre companies">Companies</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_tourism" title="LGBTQ tourism">Tourism</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="LGBTQ_symbols" title="LGBTQ symbols">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Black_triangle_(badge)" title="Black triangle (badge)">Black triangle</a></li>

<li><a href="Gaysper" title="Gaysper">Gaysper</a></li>

<li><a href="Labrys" title="Labrys">Labrys</a></li>

<li><a href="Lambda" title="Lambda">Lambda</a></li>

<li><a href="Pink_triangle" title="Pink triangle">Pink triangle</a></li>

<li><a href="Rainbow_plaque" title="Rainbow plaque">Rainbow plaque</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Pride_flag" title="Pride flag">Pride flags</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aromantic_flag" title="Aromantic flag">Aromantic</a></li>

<li><a href="Asexual_flag" title="Asexual flag">Asexual</a></li>

<li><a href="Bisexual_flag" title="Bisexual flag">Bisexual</a></li>

<li><a href="Gay_flag_of_South_Africa" title="Gay flag of South Africa">Gay flag of South Africa</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_flag" title="Intersex flag">Intersex</a></li>

<li><a href="Leather_pride_flag" title="Leather pride flag">Leather</a></li>

<li><a href="Lesbian_flags" title="Lesbian flags">Lesbian</a></li>

<li><a href="Non-binary_flag" title="Non-binary flag">Non-binary</a></li>

<li><a href="Pansexual_flag" title="Pansexual flag">Pansexual</a></li>

<li><a href="Rainbow_flag_(LGBTQ)" title="Rainbow flag (LGBTQ)">Rainbow</a>

<ul><li><a href="Rainbow_crossing" title="Rainbow crossing">Rainbow crossing</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_flag" title="Transgender flag">Transgender</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender identities</a></li>

<li><a href="Sexual_identity" title="Sexual identity">Sexual identities</a></li>

<li><a href="Sexual_diversity" title="Sexual diversity">Sexual diversities</a></li></ul>

</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Gender_identity2551" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender identity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Androgyny" title="Androgyny">Androgyny</a></li>

<li><a href="Cisgender" title="Cisgender">Cisgender</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_bender" title="Gender bender">Gender bender</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_nonconformity" title="Gender nonconformity">Gender nonconformity</a></li>

<li><a href="Khanith" title="Khanith">Khanith</a></li>

<li><a href="Non-binary_gender" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-binary gender">Non-binary / genderqueer</a></li>

<li><a href="Queer_heterosexuality" title="Queer heterosexuality">Queer heterosexuality</a></li>

<li><a href="Theyby" title="Theyby">Theyby</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender" title="Transgender">Transgender</a>

<ul><li><a href="Akava'ine" title="Akava'ine">Akava'ine</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Trans_man" title="Trans man">Trans man</a></li>

<li><a href="Transsexual" title="Transsexual">Transsexual</a></li>

<li><a href="Trans_woman" title="Trans woman">Trans woman</a>

<li><a href="Woman" title="Woman">Woman</a></li>

<li><a href="Womxn" class="mw-redirect" title="Womxn">Womxn</a></li>

<li><a href="Womyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Womyn">Womyn</a></li>

<li><a href="Xenogender" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenogender">Xenogender</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Third_gender" title="Third gender">Third sex / Third gender</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bakla" title="Bakla">Bakla</a></li>

<li><a href="Balkan_sworn_virgins" title="Balkan sworn virgins">Balkan sworn virgins</a></li>

<li><a href="Bissu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bissu">Bissu</a></li>

<li><a href="Fa%CA%BBafafine" title="Faʻafafine">Faʻafafine</a></li>

<li><a href="Fakaleit%C4%AB" title="Fakaleitī">Fakaleitī</a></li>

<li><a href="Femminiello" title="Femminiello">Femminiello</a></li>

<li><a href="Hijra_(South_Asia)" title="Hijra (South Asia)">Hijra</a></li>

<li><a href="Kathoey" title="Kathoey">Kathoey</a></li>

<li><a href="K%C3%B6%C3%A7ek" title="Köçek">Köçek</a></li>

<li><a href="Mukhannath" title="Mukhannath">Mukhannath</a></li>

<li><a href="Travesti_(gender_identity)" title="Travesti (gender identity)">Travesti</a></li>

<li><a href="Two-spirit" title="Two-spirit">Two-spirit</a></li>

<li><a href="Winkte" title="Winkte">Winkte</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Sexual_identity" title="Sexual identity">Sexual identities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Sexual_orientations667" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">Sexual orientations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Asexuality" title="Asexuality">Asexual</a></li>

<li><a href="Bisexuality" title="Bisexuality">Bisexual</a></li>

<li><a href="Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">Homosexual</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aromanticism" title="Aromanticism">Aromanticism</a></li>

<li><a href="Asexuality" title="Asexuality">Asexuality</a>

<ul><li><a href="Gray_asexuality" title="Gray asexuality">Gray asexuality</a></li>

<li><a href="Demisexuality" title="Demisexuality">Demisexuality</a></li>

<li><a href="Aegosexuality" title="Aegosexuality">Aegosexuality</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Attraction_to_transgender_people" title="Attraction to transgender people">Attraction to transgender people</a></li>

<li><a href="Banjee" title="Banjee">Banjee</a></li>

<li><a href="Bi-curious" title="Bi-curious">Bi-curious</a></li>

<li><a href="Fictosexuality" title="Fictosexuality">Fictosexuality</a></li>

<li><a href="Heteroflexibility" title="Heteroflexibility">Heteroflexible</a></li>

<li><a href="Lesbian" title="Lesbian">Lesbian</a></li>

<li><a href="Monosexuality" title="Monosexuality">Monosexual</a></li>

<li><a href="Non-heterosexual" title="Non-heterosexual">Non-heterosexual</a></li>

<li><a href="Pansexuality" title="Pansexuality">Pansexual</a></li>

<li><a href="Queer" title="Queer">Queer</a></li>

<li><a href="Questioning_(sexuality_and_gender)" title="Questioning (sexuality and gender)">Questioning</a></li>

<li><a href="Romantic_orientation" title="Romantic orientation">Romantic orientation</a></li>

<li><a href="Same_gender_loving" title="Same gender loving">Same gender loving</a></li>

<li><a href="Sexual_minority" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual minority">Sexual minority</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_LGBTQ_acronyms" title="List of LGBTQ acronyms">Acronyms</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="LGBTQ_(term)" title="LGBTQ (term)">LGBTQ</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Detransition" title="Detransition">Detransition</a></li>

<li><a href="Effeminacy" title="Effeminacy">Effeminacy</a></li>

<li><a href="Erotic_target_location_error" title="Erotic target location error">Erotic target location error</a></li>

<li><a href="Female" title="Female">Female</a></li>

<li><a href="Sexual_diversity" title="Sexual diversity">Gender and sexual diversity</a></li>

<li><a href="Sex_assignment" title="Sex assignment">Gender assignment</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_binary" title="Gender binary">Gender binary</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_essentialism" title="Gender essentialism">Gender essentialism</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_expression" title="Gender expression">Gender expression</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_modality" title="Gender modality">Gender modality</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_neutrality" title="Gender neutrality">Gender neutrality</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender roles</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_transition" title="Gender transition">Gender transition</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_health" title="LGBTQ health">Health</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_LGBTQ_medical_organizations" title="List of LGBTQ medical organizations">Organizations</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Hermaphrodite" title="Hermaphrodite">Hermaphrodite</a></li>

<li><a href="Human_female_sexuality" title="Human female sexuality">Human female sexuality</a></li>

<li><a href="Human_male_sexuality" title="Human male sexuality">Human male sexuality</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex" title="Intersex">Intersex</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Androgynos" title="Androgynos">Androgynos</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Tumtum_(Judaism)" title="Tumtum (Judaism)">Tumtum</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Legal_status_of_transgender_people" title="Legal status of transgender people">Legal status of transgender people</a></li>

<li><a href="Men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Men who have sex with men">Men who have sex with men</a> / <a href="Sexual_practices_between_men" title="Sexual practices between men">Sexual practices between men</a></li>

<li><a href="Sex%E2%80%93gender_distinction" title="Sex–gender distinction">Sex–gender distinction</a></li>

<li><a href="Sexuality_and_gender_identity-based_cultures" title="Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures">Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_construction_of_gender" title="Social construction of gender">Social construction of gender</a></li>

<li><a href="Straight_ally" title="Straight ally">Straight ally</a></li>

<li><a href="Tomboy" title="Tomboy">Tomboy</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_health_care" title="Transgender health care">Transgender health care</a>

<ul><li><a href="Transgender_health_care_misinformation" title="Transgender health care misinformation">Misinformation</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Women_who_have_sex_with_women" title="Women who have sex with women">Women who have sex with women</a> / <a href="Sexual_practices_between_women" title="Sexual practices between women">Sexual practices between women</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lavender; color:black;;background:lavender;"><div id="History826" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="LGBTQ_history" title="LGBTQ history">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="LGBTQ_history" title="LGBTQ history">LGBTQ history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="History_of_homosexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="History of homosexuality">History of homosexuality</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_gay_men_in_the_United_States" title="History of gay men in the United States">History of gay men in the United States</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_lesbianism" title="History of lesbianism">History of lesbianism</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_history" title="Transgender history">Transgender history</a>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_transgender_history" title="Timeline of transgender history">Timeline of transgender history</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_asexual_history" title="Timeline of asexual history">Timeline of asexual history</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_LGBTQ_history" title="Timeline of LGBTQ history">LGBTQ history timeline</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_migration" title="LGBTQ migration">Migration</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_movements" title="LGBTQ movements">Social movements</a>

<ul><li><a href="LGBTQ_student_movement" title="LGBTQ student movement">Students</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="History_of_Christianity_and_homosexuality" title="History of Christianity and homosexuality">History of Christianity and homosexuality</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_same-sex_unions" title="History of same-sex unions">History of same-sex unions</a></li>

<li><a href="Pederasty" title="Pederasty">Pederasty</a></li>

<li><i>Category:LGBTQ history</i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-modern era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Adelphopoiesis" title="Adelphopoiesis">Adelphopoiesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Homosexuality_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Homosexuality in ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a></li>

<li><a href="Homosexuality_in_ancient_Greece" title="Homosexuality in ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a></li>

<li><a href="Homosexuality_in_pre-Columbian_Peru" title="Homosexuality in pre-Columbian Peru">pre-Columbian Peru</a></li>

<li><a href="Homosexuality_in_ancient_Rome" title="Homosexuality in ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a></li>

<li><a href="Homosexuality_in_medieval_Europe" title="Homosexuality in medieval Europe">Medieval Europe</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th to <a href="LGBTQ_rights_in_the_19th_century" title="LGBTQ rights in the 19th century">19th century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Molly_house" title="Molly house">Molly house</a></li>

<li><a href="Section_377" title="Section 377">Section 377</a></li>

<li><a href="First_homosexual_movement" title="First homosexual movement">First homosexual movement</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Timeline_of_LGBTQ_history%2C_20th_century" title="Timeline of LGBTQ history, 20th century">20th century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dance_of_the_Forty-One" title="Dance of the Forty-One">Dance of the Forty-One</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Institut_f%C3%BCr_Sexualwissenschaft" title="Institut für Sexualwissenschaft">Institut für Sexualwissenschaft</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Persecution_of_homosexuals_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany">Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany</a></li>

<li><a href="Cadet_scandal" title="Cadet scandal">Cadet scandal</a></li>

<li><a href="Florida_Legislative_Investigation_Committee" title="Florida Legislative Investigation Committee">Florida Legislative Investigation Committee</a></li>

<li><a href="Sea_queen" title="Sea queen">Sea queens</a></li>

<li><a href="Compton's_Cafeteria_riot" title="Compton's Cafeteria riot">Compton's Cafeteria riot</a></li>

<li><a href="Stonewall_riots" title="Stonewall riots">Stonewall riots</a></li>

<li><a href="Gay_Liberation_Front" title="Gay Liberation Front">Gay Liberation Front</a></li>

<li><a href="Handkerchief_code" title="Handkerchief code">Handkerchief code</a></li>

<li><a href="UK_Gay_Liberation_Front_1971_Festival_of_Light_action" title="UK Gay Liberation Front 1971 Festival of Light action">Festival of Light action</a></li>

<li><a href="White_Night_riots" title="White Night riots">White Night riots</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Front_homosexuel_d'action_r%C3%A9volutionnaire" title="Front homosexuel d'action révolutionnaire">Front homosexuel d'action révolutionnaire</a></i></li>

<li><a href="1977%E2%80%931980_Florida_orange_juice_boycott" class="mw-redirect" title="1977–1980 Florida orange juice boycott">Florida orange juice boycott</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Soap" title="Operation Soap">Operation Soap</a></li>

<li><a href="Epidemiology_of_HIV/AIDS" title="Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS">Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS</a></li>

<li><a href="Section_28" title="Section 28">Section 28</a></li>

<li><a href="Tasty_nightclub_raid" title="Tasty nightclub raid">Tasty nightclub raid</a></li>

<li><a href="Bar_Abanicos_police_raid" title="Bar Abanicos police raid">Bar Abanicos police raid</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Timeline_of_LGBTQ_history%2C_21st_century" title="Timeline of LGBTQ history, 21st century">21st century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_same-sex_marriage" title="Timeline of same-sex marriage">Timeline of same-sex marriage</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Lawrence_v._Texas" title="Lawrence v. Texas">Lawrence v. Texas</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Russian_anti-LGBTQ_law" title="Russian anti-LGBTQ law">Russian anti-LGBTQ law</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-Homosexuality_Act%2C_2014" title="Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2014">Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2014</a></li>

<li><a href="Rainbow_wave" title="Rainbow wave">Rainbow wave</a></li>

<li><a href="Rainbow_Night" title="Rainbow Night">Rainbow Night</a></li>

<li><a href="2020s_anti-LGBTQ_movement_in_the_United_States" title="2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States">2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="LGBTQ_rights_by_country_or_territory" title="LGBTQ rights by country or territory">Rights and legal issues</a></li></ul>

</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="LGBTQ_rights_by_country_or_territory" title="LGBTQ rights by country or territory">LGBTQ rights by country or territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="LGBTQ_rights_in_Africa" title="LGBTQ rights in Africa">Africa</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Americas" title="LGBTQ rights in the Americas">Americas</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_rights_in_Europe" title="LGBTQ rights in Europe">Europe</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_rights_in_Oceania" title="LGBTQ rights in Oceania">Oceania</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_LGBTQ_rights_articles_by_region" title="List of LGBTQ rights articles by region">List of LGBTQ rights articles by region</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">LGBTQ rights topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Capital punishment for homosexuality</a></li>

<li><a href="Censorship_of_LGBTQ_issues" title="Censorship of LGBTQ issues">Censorship of LGBTQ issues</a></li>

<li><a href="Civil_union" title="Civil union">Civil unions and partnerships</a></li>

<li><a href="Criminalization_of_homosexuality" title="Criminalization of homosexuality">Criminalization of homosexuality</a>

<ul><li><a href="Decriminalization_of_homosexuality" title="Decriminalization of homosexuality">decriminalization</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">Hate crime laws</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex human rights</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_people_and_military_service" title="LGBTQ people and military service">Military service</a></li>

<li><a href="Same-sex_parenting" title="Same-sex parenting">Same-sex parenting</a>

<ul><li><a href="Same-sex_adoption" title="Same-sex adoption">Adoption</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Use_of_assisted_reproductive_technology_by_LGBTQ_people" title="Use of assisted reproductive technology by LGBTQ people">Assisted reproduction</a></li>

<li><a href="Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage</a>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_same-sex_marriage" title="Timeline of same-sex marriage">Timeline</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Socialism_and_LGBTQ_rights" title="Socialism and LGBTQ rights">Socialism</a></li>

<li><a href="Legal_status_of_transgender_people" title="Legal status of transgender people">Legal status of transgender people</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_rights_movement" title="Transgender rights movement">Transgender rights movement</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQI%2B_rights_at_the_United_Nations" title="LGBTQI+ rights at the United Nations">United Nations</a>/</li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_rights_in_La_Francophonie" title="LGBTQ rights in La Francophonie">La Francophonie</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="LGBTQ rights in the Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="LGBTQ_movements" title="LGBTQ movements">LGBTQ rights movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Homophile_movement" title="Homophile movement">Homophile</a></li>

<li><a href="Gay_liberation" title="Gay liberation">Gay liberation</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_LGBTQ_rights_organizations" title="List of LGBTQ rights organizations">LGBTQ rights groups</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_LGBTQ_rights_activists" title="List of LGBTQ rights activists">LGBTQ rights activists</a></li>

<li><a href="Rainbow_capitalism" title="Rainbow capitalism">Rainbow capitalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Queer_nationalism" title="Queer nationalism">Separatism</a>

<li><a href="Lesbian_separatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbian separatism">Lesbian</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lavender; color:black;;background:lavender;"><div id="Sexual_orientation_—_Medicine,_science_and_sexology826" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">Sexual orientation</a> — Medicine, science and sexology</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Autism_and_LGBTQ_identities" title="Autism and LGBTQ identities">Autism and LGBTQ identities</a></li>

<li><a href="Biology_and_sexual_orientation" title="Biology and sexual orientation">Biology</a></li>

<li><a href="Fraternal_birth_order_and_male_sexual_orientation" title="Fraternal birth order and male sexual orientation">Birth order</a></li>

<li><a href="Demographics_of_sexual_orientation" title="Demographics of sexual orientation">Demographics</a></li>

<li><a href="Disability_and_LGBTQ_identities" title="Disability and LGBTQ identities">Disability and LGBTQ identities</a></li>

<li><a href="Environment_and_sexual_orientation" title="Environment and sexual orientation">Environment</a></li>

<li><a href="Homosexuality_and_psychology" title="Homosexuality and psychology">Homosexuality and psychology</a></li>

<li><a href="Homosexuality_in_the_DSM" title="Homosexuality in the DSM">Homosexuality in the DSM</a></li>

<li><a href="Kinsey_scale" title="Kinsey scale">Kinsey scale</a></li>

<li><a href="Klein_Sexual_Orientation_Grid" title="Klein Sexual Orientation Grid">Klein Grid</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_life_expectancy" title="LGBTQ life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Neuroscience_and_sexual_orientation" title="Neuroscience and sexual orientation">Neuroscience</a></li>

<li><a href="Prenatal_hormones_and_sexual_orientation" title="Prenatal hormones and sexual orientation">Prenatal hormones</a></li>

<li><a href="Sexual_inversion_(sexology)" title="Sexual inversion (sexology)">Sexual inversion</a></li>

<li><a href="Conversion_therapy" title="Conversion therapy">Conversion therapy</a></li>

<li><a href="Split_attraction_model" title="Split attraction model">Split attraction model</a></li>

<li><a href="Sexual_identity" title="Sexual identity">Sexual orientation identity</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_sexual_orientation_and_medicine" title="Timeline of sexual orientation and medicine">Timeline of sexual orientation and medicine</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lavender; color:black;;background:lavender;"><div id="*_Societal_attitudes_*_Prejudice_*_Violence826" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">

<ul><li><a href="Societal_attitudes_toward_homosexuality" title="Societal attitudes toward homosexuality">Societal attitudes</a></li>

<li>Prejudice</li>

<li><a href="Violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="Violence against LGBTQ people">Violence</a></li></ul>

</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Societal_attitudes_toward_homosexuality" title="Societal attitudes toward homosexuality">Societal attitudes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Amatonormativity" title="Amatonormativity">Amatonormativity</a></li>

<li><a href="Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">Heteronormativity</a></li>

<li><a href="Heteropatriarchy" title="Heteropatriarchy">Heteropatriarchy</a></li>

<li><a href="Homonationalism" title="Homonationalism">Homonationalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Pinkwashing_(LGBTQ)" title="Pinkwashing (LGBTQ)">Pinkwashing</a></li>

<li><a href="Gay_panic_defense" title="Gay panic defense">Gay panic defense</a></li>

<li><a href="Opposition_to_LGBTQ_rights" title="Opposition to LGBTQ rights">Opposition to LGBTQ rights</a>

<ul><li><a href="Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_stereotypes" title="LGBTQ stereotypes">LGBTQ stereotypes</a></li>

<li><a href="Suicide_among_LGBTQ_people" title="Suicide among LGBTQ people">Suicide among LGBTQ people</a>

<li>Monuments and memorials</li>

<li><a href="Queerbaiting" title="Queerbaiting">Queerbaiting</a></li>

<li><a href="Homosexuality_and_religion" title="Homosexuality and religion">Homosexuality and religion</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_people_and_religion" title="Transgender people and religion">Transgender people and religion</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prejudice and discrimination</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arophobia">Arophobia</a></li>

<li><a href="Discrimination_against_asexual_people" title="Discrimination against asexual people">Acephobia</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-gender_movement" title="Anti-gender movement">Anti-gender movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS" title="Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS">AIDS stigma</a></li>

<li><a href="Biphobia" title="Biphobia">Biphobia</a></li>

<li><a href="Discrimination_against_gay_men" title="Discrimination against gay men">Gayphobia</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_grooming_conspiracy_theory" title="LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory">Grooming conspiracy theory</a></li>

<li><a href="Heterosexism" title="Heterosexism">Heterosexism</a></li>

<li><a href="Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a>

<ul><li><a href="Liberal_homophobia" title="Liberal homophobia">Liberal homophobia</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Discrimination_against_lesbians" title="Discrimination against lesbians">Discrimination against lesbians</a></li>

<li><a href="Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Discrimination against non-binary people</a></li>

<li><a href="Racism_in_the_LGBTQ_community" title="Racism in the LGBTQ community">Racism</a></li>

<li><a href="Riddle_scale" title="Riddle scale">Riddle scale</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_organizations_designated_by_the_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_as_anti-LGBTQ_hate_groups" title="List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBTQ hate groups">SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups</a></li>

<li><a href="Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li>

<li><a href="Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="Violence against LGBTQ people">Violence against LGBTQ people</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a></li>

<li><a href="Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Capital punishment for homosexuality</a></li>

<li><a href="Gay_bashing" title="Gay bashing">Gay bashing</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_violence_against_LGBTQ_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of violence against LGBTQ people in the United Kingdom">History of violence in the UK</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_violence_against_LGBTQ_people_in_the_United_States" title="History of violence against LGBTQ people in the United States">History of violence in the US</a></li>

<li><a href="Persecution_of_homosexuals_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany">Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_acts_of_violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="List of acts of violence against LGBTQ people">Acts of violence against LGBTQ people</a></li>

<li><a href="Stop_Murder_Music" title="Stop Murder Music">Stop Murder Music</a></li>

<li><a href="Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Violence against transgender people</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender" title="List of people killed for being transgender">Unlawfully killed transgender people</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:lavender; color:black;"><div>

<ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Portal%3ALGBTQ" title="Portal:LGBTQ">LGBTQ portal</a></b></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> <b>Category</b></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gender_and_sexual_identities174" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FBAED2;"><div id="Gender_and_sexual_identities174" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender</a> and <a href="Sexual_identity" title="Sexual identity">sexual</a> identities</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FBAED2;;width:1%;background: #FFA6C9;"><a href="Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender<br>identities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;text-align:right;;width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Gender" title="Gender">Genders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Woman" title="Woman">Woman</a></li>

<li><a href="Female" title="Female">Female</a></li>

<li><a href="Androgyny#Gender_identity" title="Androgyny">Androgyne</a></li>

<li><a href="Cisgender" title="Cisgender">Cisgender</a></li>

<li><a href="Cross-dressing" title="Cross-dressing">Cross-dresser</a></li>

<li><a href="Femboy" title="Femboy">Femboy</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_bender" title="Gender bender">Gender bender</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_fluidity" title="Gender fluidity">Gender fluidity</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_neutrality" title="Gender neutrality">Gender neutrality</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_variance" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender variance">Gender variance</a></li>

<li><a href="Masculine_of_center" title="Masculine of center">Masculine of center</a></li>

<li><a href="Non-binary_gender" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-binary gender">Non-binary / genderqueer</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender" title="Transgender">Transgender</a>

<ul><li><a href="Akava'ine" title="Akava'ine">Akava'ine</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Trans_man" title="Trans man">Trans man</a></li>

<li><a href="Trans_woman" title="Trans woman">Trans woman</a>

<ul><li><a href="Fakaleit%C4%AB" title="Fakaleitī">Fakaleitī</a></li>

<li><a href="Transsexual" title="Transsexual">Transsexual</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;text-align:right;;width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Third_gender" title="Third gender">Third genders</a><br>and sexes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Androgynos" title="Androgynos">Androgynos</a></li>

<li><a href="Apwint" title="Apwint">Apwint</a></li>

<li><a href="Bakla" title="Bakla">Bakla</a></li>

<li><a href="Binabinaaine" title="Binabinaaine">Binabinaaine</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_in_Bugis_society" title="Gender in Bugis society">Bugis genders</a>

<ul><li>Bissu</li>

<li>Calabai</li>

<li>Calalai</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Chibados" title="Chibados">Chibados</a></li>

<li><a href="Enaree" title="Enaree">Enaree</a></li>

<li><a href="Eunuch" title="Eunuch">Eunuch</a>

<ul><li><a href="Galli" title="Galli">Galli</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Fa'afafine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fa'afafine">Fa'afafine</a></li>

<li><a href="Fakafifine" title="Fakafifine">Fakafifine</a></li>

<li><a href="Femminiello" title="Femminiello">Femminiello</a></li>

<li><a href="G%C3%BCevedoce" class="mw-redirect" title="Güevedoce">Güevedoce</a></li>

<li><a href="Hijra_(South_Asia)" title="Hijra (South Asia)">Hijra</a></li>

<li><a href="Kathoey" title="Kathoey">Kathoey</a></li>

<li><a href="K%C3%B6%C3%A7ek" title="Köçek">Köçek</a></li>

<li><a href="Koekchuch" title="Koekchuch">Koekchuch</a></li>

<li><a href="Lhamana" title="Lhamana">Lhamana</a></li>

<li><a href="Mudoko_dako" title="Mudoko dako">Mudoko dako</a></li>

<li><a href="Mukhannath" title="Mukhannath">Mukhannath</a></li>

<li><a href="N%C3%A1dleehi" title="Nádleehi">Nádleehi</a></li>

<li><a href="Nullo_(body_modification)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nullo (body modification)">Nullo</a></li>

<li><a href="Palopa" title="Palopa">Palopa</a></li>

<li><a href="Sipiniq" title="Sipiniq">Sipiniq</a></li>

<li><a href="Balkan_sworn_virgins" title="Balkan sworn virgins">Sworn virgin</a></li>

<li><a href="Travesti_(gender_identity)" title="Travesti (gender identity)">Travesti</a></li>

<li><a href="Tumtum_(Judaism)" title="Tumtum (Judaism)">Tumtum</a></li>

<li><a href="Two-spirit" title="Two-spirit">Two-spirit</a></li>

<li><a href="Vakasalewalewa" title="Vakasalewalewa">Vakasalewalewa</a></li>

<li><a href="Winkte" title="Winkte">Winkte</a></li>

<li><a href="X-gender" title="X-gender">X-gender</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FBAED2;;width:1%;background: #FFA6C9;"><a href="Sexual_identity" title="Sexual identity">Sexual<br>orientation<br>identities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;text-align:right;;width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">Sexual orientations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Asexuality" title="Asexuality">Asexual</a></li>

<li><a href="Bisexuality" title="Bisexuality">Bisexual</a></li>

<li><a href="Heterosexuality" title="Heterosexuality">Heterosexual</a></li>

<li><a href="Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">Homosexual</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;text-align:right;;width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Alternative labels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Banjee" title="Banjee">Banjee</a></li>

<li><a href="Bi-curious" title="Bi-curious">Bi-curious</a></li>

<li><a href="Fictosexuality" title="Fictosexuality">Fictosexual</a></li>

<li><a href="Gray_asexuality" title="Gray asexuality">Gray asexual</a>

<ul><li><a href="Demisexuality" title="Demisexuality">Demisexual</a></li>

<li><a href="Aegosexuality" title="Aegosexuality">Aegosexual</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Heteroflexibility" title="Heteroflexibility">Heteroflexible</a></li>

<li><a href="Khanith" title="Khanith">Khanith</a></li>

<li><a href="Lesbian" title="Lesbian">Lesbian women</a></li>

<li><a href="Non-heterosexual" title="Non-heterosexual">Non-heterosexual</a></li>

<li><a href="Pansexuality" title="Pansexuality">Pansexual</a></li>

<li><a href="Polysexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Polysexuality">Polysexual</a></li>

<li><a href="Queer" title="Queer">Queer</a></li>

<li><a href="Questioning_(sexuality_and_gender)" title="Questioning (sexuality and gender)">Questioning</a></li>

<li><a href="Same_gender_loving" title="Same gender loving">Same gender loving</a></li>

<li><a href="Takat%C4%81pui" title="Takatāpui">Takatāpui</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;text-align:right;;width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Social aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Sociosexuality" title="Sociosexuality">Sociosexuality</a></li>

<li><a href="Antisexualism" title="Antisexualism">Antisexuality</a></li>

<li><a href="Asociality" title="Asociality">Asociality</a></li>

<li><a href="Homosociality" title="Homosociality">Homosociality</a></li>

<li><a href="Heterosociality" title="Heterosociality">Heterosociality</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;text-align:right;;width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Achillean" title="Achillean">Achillean</a></li>

<li><a href="Allosexuality" title="Allosexuality">Allosexuality</a></li>

<li><a href="Analloeroticism" title="Analloeroticism">Analloeroticism</a></li>

<li><a href="Androphilia_and_gynephilia" title="Androphilia and gynephilia">Androphilia and gynephilia</a></li>

<li><a href="Aromanticism" title="Aromanticism">Aromanticism</a></li>

<li><a href="Attraction_to_transgender_people" title="Attraction to transgender people">Attraction to transgender people</a></li>

<li><a href="Kinsey_scale" title="Kinsey scale">Kinsey scale</a></li>

<li><a href="Monosexuality" title="Monosexuality">Monosexuality</a></li>

<li><a href="Plurisexuality" title="Plurisexuality">Plurisexuality</a></li>

<li><a href="Postgenderism" title="Postgenderism">Postgenderism</a></li>

<li><a href="Romantic_orientation" title="Romantic orientation">Romantic orientation</a></li>

<li><a href="Sapphism" title="Sapphism">Sapphism</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FBAED2;;width:1%;background: #FFA6C9;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Aphobia

<ul><li><a href="Acephobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Acephobia">Acephobia</a></li>

<li><a href="Arophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arophobia">Arophobia</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Anti-gender_movement" title="Anti-gender movement">Anti-gender movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Discrimination against non-binary people</a></li>

<li><a href="Discrimination_against_transgender_men" title="Discrimination against transgender men">Discrimination against transgender men</a></li>

<li><a href="Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Discrimination against transgender women</a></li>

<li><a href="Sex_assignment" title="Sex assignment">Gender assignment</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_modality" title="Gender modality">Gender modality</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender roles</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_self-identification" title="Gender self-identification">Gender self-identification</a></li>

<li><a href="Healthcare_and_the_LGBTQ_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare and the LGBTQ community">Healthcare and the LGBTQ community</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersex" title="Intersex">Intersex</a></li>

<li><a href="Legal_recognition_of_non-binary_gender" title="Legal recognition of non-binary gender">Legal recognition of non-binary gender</a></li>

<li><a href="Legal_status_of_transgender_people" title="Legal status of transgender people">Legal status of transgender people</a></li>

<li><a href="Mental_health_of_LGBTQ_people" title="Mental health of LGBTQ people">Mental health of LGBTQ people</a></li>

<li><a href="Queer_heterosexuality" title="Queer heterosexuality">Queer heterosexuality</a></li>

<li><a href="Right_to_personal_identity" title="Right to personal identity">Right to personal identity</a></li>

<li><a href="Sex_as_a_biological_variable" title="Sex as a biological variable">Sex as a biological variable</a></li>

<li><a href="Sex%E2%80%93gender_distinction" title="Sex–gender distinction">Sex–gender distinction</a></li>

<li><a href="Sexuality_and_gender_identity-based_cultures" title="Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures">Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_construction_of_gender" title="Social construction of gender">Social construction of gender</a></li>

<li><a href="Split_attraction_model" title="Split attraction model">Split attraction model</a></li>

<li><a href="Suicide_among_LGBTQ_people" title="Suicide among LGBTQ people">Suicide among LGBTQ people</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_archaeology" title="Transgender archaeology">Transgender archaeology</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_inequality" title="Transgender inequality">Transgender inequality</a></li>

<li><a href="Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li>

<li><a href="Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Transgender_and_gender_non-conforming_topics523" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #D5DFCE;"><div id="Transgender_and_gender_non-conforming_topics523" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Transgender_topics" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender topics">Transgender and gender non-conforming</a> <a href="Outline_of_transgender_topics" title="Outline of transgender topics">topics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D5DFCE;;width:1%"><a href="Gender_identity" title="Gender identity"><span class="wrap">Gender identities</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">